XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VII

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Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663821976

Title:: Technical Commission VII

Scope:: 546 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663821976

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B7)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VII/4: METHODS FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: ALBEDO PATTERN RECOGNITION AND TIME-SERIES ANALYSES IN MALAYSIA S. A. Salleh, Z. Abd Latif, W. M. N. Wan Mohd, A. Chan

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

However, when the each year daily linear graphs are stacked on top of each other, the trend can be clearly identified (see Figure 4). Figure 3 showed that the value of albedo for each day maybe fluctuated. However, the Figure 5 shows the pattern in which the value of albedo decreased and escalated at a consistent temporal trend and visually uniform each day for 10 years. Though, the percentage of increment maybe different which results to some spikes of rises and falls as appeared in Figure 4. 8 Days Time-Series Albedo 2000 - 2009 2000 — 2001 1500000 2002 —— 2003 ov 2004 m 2008 e 2006 verre 2027 2008 ne 2009 Albedo 1 17 33 42 65 B1 9/ 115129 145 161 L/; 193 209 225 24i 25/ 2/4 289 305 32: 337 333 Day of Year Figure 4. Daily Albedo 2000 - 2009 (stacked line) 3.2 Result 2: The Time-series Analyses (Yearly) The annual average minimum and maximum albedo of Peninsular Malaysia for years 2000-2009 is 0.002016594 and 0.250059192 respectively. The temporal change trend lines of the study area present ascend trend (Figure 5). The highest albedo appears in the year 2006 and the lowest is in 2001. This change trend may be related to the land use types and the anthropogenic activities at the study area. Therefore, the companion analyses will focus on the monsoon variation. Yearly Average of Minimum and Maximum Albedo 03 du ho m Pe Raum m 0.2 0.25 Albedo 01 ~~ Minimum Average à maximum average 0.05 200n 200: 2002 2003 2004 2605 2066 32007 2008 200% Figure 5. Yearly Minimum and Maximum Average Albedo 3.3 Result 3: The Time-series Analyses (Monsoon) Northeast Monsoon (Nov-Mar) is the wet season. Southwest Monsoon (May-Sept) is the drier season and Intermonsoon tends to experience extreme weather changes and the variation is more remarkable and intense. Traditionally, higher albedo results to a colder environment, and lower albedo makes temperature increased. Monsoon time-series shows albedo were acting differently due to the influence of daylight availability. Diffusion of skylight results to some reflectance values fail to be obtained by the sensor. Thus, the refectance value and monsoon behaviour show some disagreement with the common albedo-temperature behaviour (see para. Result 4). Figure 6 illustrates the variation of albedo in terms of the Malaysia's typical season. Day 281 until Day 329 shows some significant variation where spike can be identified and there is also an incremental movement of graph in between Day 121 to Day 145. These days are in the 2 intermediate Monsoons. Heavy rain and thunderstorm are common in these monsoons. The Southwest Monsoon represent drier season in Malaysia International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B7, 2012 XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia shows a reasonable variation (see Day 121 — 273). For year 2001 until 2005, there is a steady period, where the albedo variation is somewhat stagnant. Monsoon Time-Series Albedo 2000 - 2009 vn 200 MÁMIMr 9913 1053 os DGA CIDRE eexu$ c9 2D ces NA c 2008 303 17 25 p: 4 ST 88 79 D 39 37 205 243 123 129 H7 L5 393131 289 277 285 193201 208 Figure 6. Monsoon Albedo Variation 353 13: 249 287 288 273 28: 232 237 305 313 321 322 337 345 353 331 However, from year 2005 to 2009, the graph shows some rapid increased of albedo (see Day 121-145). A similar pattern of rise and fall value of albedo can be seen in Day 241 to Day 249. In Northeast Monsoon (wet season) which starts from Day 305 and fall back to March at Day 89 depict some extreme rise and fall which correspond to the nature of the season where heavy rainfall, variations of windspeed and it is a cold surges period especially at the east coast region of the study area. 3.4 Result 4: Relationship with monthly Nebulosity Index and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) The correlation analyses for the nebulosity index and the aerosol optical depth is conducted in accordance to value represented in Table 2. By selecting month (Mar, Apr, Sept and Dec) according to the highest, mean and minimum value of nebulosity index as stated in (Zain-Ahmed et al. 2002). Nebulosity index indicates the sky that is at its less diffuse situation where usually representing less cloud (less diffuse, high index). Thus, these months are chosen to look for trend of albedo over the most clear, intermediate overcast and the most diffuse sky condition in Malaysia. Months Neb AOD index Jan 0.55 0.2 Feb 0.55 0.25 Mar 0.56 0.25 Apr 0.58 0.25 May 0.47 0.25 Jun 0.55 0.27 July 0.54 0.32 Aug 0.54 0.25 Sept 0.52 0.43 Oct 0.49 0.5 Nov 0.45 0.25 Dec 0.43 0.2 Table 2. Monthly Nebulosity Index (Zain-Ahmed et al. 2002) and AOD (Kanniah and Yaso 2010) The monthly trend and the monsoon trend are influenced highly by the nebulosity index (see Figure 7). In correspondent to Figure 6, the increment and decline pattern in the graph can be conclude based on the value in Table 2. Although, December was classified as the wet and colder season, the albedo is relatively low compare to other month. This is due to the highly diffuse of skylight and being as the darkest month in a year. However, as the monsoon move to January, the albedo value is escalated as the nebulosity index is increased. Thus, Figure 7

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