XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VIII

Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663822514

Title:: Technical Commission VIII

Scope:: 590 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2014

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663822514

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B8)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VIII/1:]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: FUSION OF MULTI PRECURSORS EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS TO ESTIMATE THE DATE, MAGNITUDE AND AFFECTED AREA OF THE FORTHCOMING POWERFUL EARTHQUAKES M. Akhoondzadeh and M. R. Saradjian

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B8, 2012 XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia (Instrument Analyseur Plasma), and ISL (Instrument Sonde de Langmuir). ICE measures the three components of electric field in a frequency range from DC up to 3.5 MHz, IMSC measures the three components of magnetic field in ELF and VLF frequency ranges, IDP measures ionospheric particles energy (electron and proton), IAP measures temperature, density and velocity of plasma ions, and ISL measures temperature and density of plasma electrons. 1.2 Thermal anomaly precursor Thermal anomaly is an unusual variation in surface temperature that occurs around 1-13 days prior to the earthquake with abrupt change in the temperature value of the order of 3-7? C or more and disappears a few days after the event. Some remote sensing satellites can measure the radiations coming from the earth in thermal bands and provide useful information prior the earthquakes. Due to their suitable temporal and spatial resolutions, thermal infrared bands of Aqua-MODIS data have been used. 2. APPLIED METHOD FOR ANOMALY DETECTION AND ESTIMATE EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS In order to search for earthquake anomaly from precursor variations a reasonable range for precursor regular variations must be determined. The median and the inter-quartile range of data are utilized to construct their upper and lower bound in order to separate seismic anomalies from the background of natural variations (Liu et al., 2004). The upper and lower bound of the mentioned range can be calculated using the following equations: X44, 7 M + kX IQR (1) Xoy "^ M -kxIQR Q) —M XQ, XX Xu = —k eDim ck (3) IQR where X. , Xhigh 0 P M.. IQR and Dx are the parameter value, upper bound, lower bound, median value, inter-quartile range and differential of x, respectively. According to this, if the absolute value of Dx is greater than k, (|Dx >k ), the behavior of the relevant parameter (x) is regarded as anomalous. According to Eq. (3), P = +100x (Dx m k)/ k indicates the percentage of parameter change from the undisturbed state. The results from our previous studies indicate that Dx value is relatively proportional to the earthquake magnitude (Akhoondzadeh, 2011). For instance, in large earthquakes with a Dx value between 2 and 3, the magnitude value (My) is estimated to be around between 7 and 8. The earthquake magnitude estimation based on Dx value is shown in Table 1. The radius of affected area can be estimated using the Dobrovolsky formula: R = J ute , where R is the radius of the earthquake preparation zone, and M is the earthquake magnitude (Dobrovolsky et al., 1989). DY value Earthquake magnitude D X<1 Mw«6 1<Dx< M ST 2< Dx <3 My 33 3< Dx 8<Mw Table 1. Estimation of the earthquake magnitude. Based on previous studies related to anomaly detection before strong earthquakes mentioned in Table 2, the earthquake anomalies may be observed 1 to 13 days prior to the earthquake. If Dx value of a given day is greater than a predefined threshold then based on the type of precursor, the earthquake date is estimated according to the relation HF 2.5X0 , (i.e. the fourth column) where 4/ and O are the mean and standard deviation of values of the anomaly observation day relative to the earthquake day (i.e. the third column) (Akhoondzadeh, 2011). In order to assess final earthquake parameters (which are date, magnitude and radius of the affected area) for each case study, using the median and inter-quartile range of earthquake parameters obtained from different precursors, the approximate bounds of final earthquake parameters are defined. For instance, the date of impending earthquake is calculated based on M + IQR , where M and IQR are respectively the median and inter-quartile range of the predicted values of the earthquake date for all precursors (Akhoondzadeh, 2011). 3. OBSERVATIONS AND CASE STUDIES In order to clear up uncertainty to earthquake anomaly detection, our study is based on a few types of precursors, sensors and case studies. Using visual inspection in seismic databases three earthquakes which happened in Samoa Islands, Sichuan (China) and Boroujerd (Iran) have been incorporated in this analysis. Table 3 indicates some characteristics of these earthquakes. 3.1 Samoa Islands earthquake In Samoa Islands, the largest earthquake so far, took place at 06:48:11 LT on 29 Sep 2009 with a Magnitude M,,=8.1. Table 4 illustrates the observed earthquake precursors concerning Samoa earthquake. As shown in Table 4 strong enhancement of TEC anomaly can be seen during several time intervals (Akhoondzadeh et al., 2010a). Intern: Prec Ionos Case Stud Borujerd, Ir Sichuan, Ch Samoa Islar Anomalous T Sep 2009. Ba that an earthc have been ha radius of affe 41.30 Km. TI and amplifiec LT. For Dx: which would 2009, is estir radius of affe 41.30 km. Table 4 als extracted fro region. An in ~10:30 LT o clearly exce (Akhoondzad earthquake w been occurred another unust when it reach the upper bot of the invers temperature, acknowledge indicates that value (Dx=-1 indicates that would have | Irregularities 18, 21, 24 ai irregularity ir According t« between 7 ar

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