XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VIII

Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663822514

Title:: Technical Commission VIII

Scope:: 590 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2014

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663822514

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B8)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VIII/1:]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: HYDROLOGIC MODELLING OF KATSINA-ALA RIVER BASIN: AN EMERGING SCENARIO FROM LAKE NYOS THREAT J. O. Akinyede [...]; R. Babamaaji [...]; M. Vaatough [...]; K. A. Adepoju [...]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

XXIX-B8, 2012 affected area (Km) Prediction of the radius of 6.14-15.92 6.14-15.92 6.14-15.92 Mw) Estimated 6-7 7-8 7-8 ideh, 2011). and Gokhberg, M. B., occurring at the final thquake. Physics of the 14-156. A., 2002. Seismo- ^tmosphere-Ionosphere 9. Tokyo, 477. ; Y. B., Pulinets, S: A, ionospheric anomalies nn. Geophys., 22, pp. Mid-infrared emission remote sensing data, 3-273. A., 2004. Ionospheric lin, 288. onskaya, T. V., and enological features of quakes. J. Atmos. Sol- L., Singh, R., Cervone, A. V., Boyarchuk, K. mal, atmospheric and : of the Colima M7.8 phys., 24, pp. 835-849. , M. 2011. Thermal thquakes (M»6) using methods. Nat. Hazards 905a. NOAA-AVHRR 26 january, 2001 Bhuj al Journal of Remote )O5b. Satellite detects ] with the Algerian al Journal of Remote » Lei, L, and Liu, L., of ionospheric electron nchuan earthquake?, J. HYDROLOGIC MODELLING OF KATSINA-ALA RIVER BASIN: AN EMERGING SCENARIO FROM LAKE NYOS THREAT J. O. Akinyede (Executive Director *); R. Babamaaji (Scientific Officer **); M. Vaatough (Scientific Officer **); K. A. Adepoju (Scientific Officer *) * African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English (ARCSSTE-E), Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) Campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria *** National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA, Abuja, Nigeria Commission VIII/1 KEYWORDS: Crater, Hydrologic, vulnerability, simulations, mitigation ABSTRACT: Understanding the hydrologic system surrounding crater lakes is of great importance for prevention of flooding damages, conservation of ecological environment, and assessment of socio-economic impact of dam failure on the civilians in the downstream regions. Lake Nyos is a crater lake formed by volcanic activities at the Oku volcanic field on the Cameroon Volcanic Line. It is a freshwater lake with a maximum depth of 200 meter. In 1986, a limnic eruption at the lake emitted 1.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from the bottom of saturated water into the air and suffocated up to 1,800 people and 3,500 livestock at nearby villages. The lake waters are held in place by a natural dam composed of loosely consolidated volcanic rock, which is now at the verge of collapse due to accelerated erosion. This study was carried out to determine the flood risks and vulnerability of population and infrastructure along Katsina-Ala drainage basins. The project integrated both satellite images and field datasets into a hydrologic model for Katsina-Ala River Basin and its vicinity including the Lake Nyos. ArcHydro was used to construct a hydrologic database as *data models' and MIKE SHE was employed to conduct hydrologic simulations. Vulnerable infrastructures, population and socio-economic activities were identified to assist the Federal and State governments in disaster mitigation and management plans. The result of the project provides comprehensive knowledge of hydrologic system of Katsina-Ala drainage basin to mitigate potential future disasters from a potential dam failure and manage water resources against such disasters. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Dam collapse is one of the most common disaster phenomena, causing considerable personal injury and property damage. Problems related to dam failures, flooding and vulnerability of populations have greatly increased in recent decades due to several factors including changes in land-use in the hinterlands, urbanization of flood-prone sites, squatter settlements and sub- standard constructions, and increased household density (Kling et al, 1987, Smith, 2001). Lake Nyos is one of the three lakes in the world that have carbon dioxide dissolved in their waters and are condensed in the lower chambers of the lakes. The lake water is held in place by a natural dam composing of loosely consolidated volcanic rock. The waters of Lake Nyos were up turned in 1986 expelling the gases into the air killing over 1700 and 3000 people and livestock respectively (Freeth and Kay, 1987). According to a recent study, the dam is at the verge of collapse due to accelerated erosion. This may lead to the release of about 50 million cubic meters of water with a consequence of severe flooding and flood disaster along the populated plains of Katsina-Ala River in Nigeria. This paper provides background information on the hazards and potential danger posed by the lake and the collapse of its dam on the population, infrastructures, agricultural/cultural resources, socio-economic activities and other environmental consequences in the area. Reports and observations during the field work were presented. Recommendations were made on how authorities in both Nigeria and Cameroun Republics can jointly handle the looming catastrophes with the lake and other trans-boundary resources in the area using GIS based hydrological models. 2.0 DISASTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PREVIOUS ERUPTION Over the years, there have been a number of recorded cases of landslides and flood disasters in the Lake Nyos region with the worst disaster occuring on 12th August, 1986. The waters of the Lake Nyos were up turned expelling a large volume of toxic gas carbon dioxide (CO2) gas into the air. About 1700 people within 25km radius of the lake mostly rural villagers as well as 3500 livestocks were affected. About 845 people were hospitalised; about 4000 inhabitants fled the area, many of these developed respiratory problems, lesions and paralysis as a result of the gases. The bodies of the people that died were generally devoid of trauma. Most victims appeared to have fallen asleep and died from asphyxiation. Properties and social amenities such as roads, buildings were also destroyed. (Freeth and Kay, 1987; Tazieff 1989; Shanklin 1988; Kusakabe et al, 1989). About 10.000- 20.000 people were affected over an area of 300 km2 (Baxter and Kapila, 1989). The affected area was declared a disaster zone and more than 4,430 displaced survivors were later resettled in seven camps constructed shortly after the disaster (Kling et al., 1987) Because CO, is 1.5 times the density of air, and makes only 0.394 of natural air, the gaseous air hugged the ground surface and descended down valleys along the north side of the crater. This deadly cloud was 50m thick and advanced down slope at a speed of 20-50km per hour. This deadly mist persisted in a concentrated form over a distance of 25km, bringing death to the villages of Nyos, Kam, Cha, and Subum. Risks related to floods and landslides in this region vary periodically. Moreover, during certain years when the area is

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