XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VIII

Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663822514

Title:: Technical Commission VIII

Scope:: 590 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2014

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663822514

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B8)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VIII/6: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Bio-Diversity]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING FOR SUSTAINABLE ELEPHANT MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA. FOUR MEDIUM SIZED GAME RESERVES AS CASE STUDIES. M. Jordaan

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

X-B8, 2012 THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING FOR SUSTAINABLE ELEPHANT MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA. FOUR MEDIUM SIZED GAME RESERVES AS CASE STUDIES. M. Jordaan “ *Dept. of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa - jordam@unisa.ac.za KEY WORDS: Ecosystem, Change Detection, Management, Monitoring, Multispectral, Classification ABSTRACT: Loxodonta africana (African Elephant) are running out of living space so the protection of what space they have is essential. Existing areas of suitable elephant habitat need to be protected not only from human development but from the elephants themselves. As most elephant populations in South Africa are enclosed and multiplying, there is some increasing cause for concern as the damage caused will escalate and could reach unsustainable proportions. This study examined the utilization of satellite images for the detection of elephant induced ecosystem modification. A pilot study was conducted on four medium sized Game Reserves (each +30 000 ha) in South Africa. The aim was to ascertain the feasibility of using image analysis as instrument by which Game Reserve managers could assess biodiversity richness, habitat loss, and population-habitat viability. NDVI as indicator of primary production in vegetation is one of the instruments used to evaluate whether the carrying capacity for elephants of each Game Reserve has been reached and to compare the current biomass with those of previous years. The study also looked at the use of the woody canopy cover as target for change detection analysis. Spectral characteristics of specific trees species which are known for being preferred by elephants were used to conduct a temporal analysis on satellite images starting from the period when the elephants were re-introduced into each Game Reserve, thus attempting to identify possible impact on the biodiversity of the respective Game Reserves. Images from satellites such as Landsat, SPOT, Quickbird and SumbandilaSAT provided the needed data and maps. 1. INTRODUCTION 11. The Elephant Issue The once abundant, free roaming, African elephant (Loxodonta africana) has dwindled to a mere fraction of their once prolific numbers. Less than 700 000 elephants are estimated to be left in Africa (Blanc, Barnes, Craig, Dublin, Thouless, Douglas- Hamilton, 2007). This has resulted in the African elephant being listed as Cites Appendix 1 throughout most of Africa (In Southern Africa elephants have been reclassified as an Appendix 2 species) Growing human populations and increasing human-elephant conflict has forced stakeholders to cluster the remaining elephants into relatively small areas (compared to their once unlimited space) Yough & Van Aarde (2011). In South Africa these *Reserves' are protected by means of electrified fencing, preventing the elephants from roaming freely. Within these boundaries they are cut off from their traditional seasonal migration routes, essential natural resources as well as from other elephant populations. A drawback of the very successful conservation efforts in South Africa is that the elephant numbers in these confined Reserves are indeed increasing at an alarming rate ( Mackey, Page, Duffy & Slotow, 2005) and have exceeded the outdated 'carrying capacity’ of the larger reserves such as the Kruger National Park (KNP). These growing numbers have instigated remedial action from the KNP managers with processes such as culling and translocation to other reserves (Blanc er al, 2007). These methods were (and still remains) unpalatable to the larger Society and new actions were required. The Minister of Environment Affairs and Tourism (DEAT, 2008) has promulgated new norms and standards for elephant Management in South Africa. This forced all owners or custodians of elephant to develop and implement an “Elephant Management Plan” (XXX). This was applicable to all national, provincial and private reserves and parks. During the 1960’s and 70’s elephants could only found in four areas in South Africa namely: Kruger National Park (+6000 elephants), Addo Elephant Park (+ 120 elephants), Knysna Forest (+ 25 elephants) and northern KwaZulu/Natal (2200-300 elephants) (Blanc ef al, 2007). The last named two areas were the only places where the elephants were still free roaming but due to human-elephant conflict their number were decreasing rapidly. 1.2 Population-habitat viability “In short, the African elephant is a most attractive species, a ‘flagship’ animal, representing the widespread savannas and woodlands of Africa” (Mundy, 2006, p588). The overpopulation of elephants in Kruger National Park was at first mitigated by re-locating entire elephant herds to smaller reserves and parks. This included public reserves such as Marakele, Pilansberg, and Mapungubwe as well as private conservation areas such as Welgevonden, Phinda and Thanda. The Management of the medium and small sized reserves were keen to re-locate the KNP elephants due to their popularity as tourist draw cards and to increase tourism revenue. 1.2.1 Elephant characteristics and demographics The elephant is a ‘megaherbivore’ and is the world’s largest land-living mammal, with mature bulls weighing in at six tonnes and a height of more than 3.5 meters. In addition, it has lifespan estimated at 60-65 years (Owen-Smith, 1988). Many ecologists consider them to be a ‘keystone’ species, one which is essential to maintaining an ecosystem. (Mundy, 2006)

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