XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VIII

Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663822514

Title:: Technical Commission VIII

Scope:: 590 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2014

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663822514

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B8)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VIII/7: Forestry]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: DEVELOPING A 3D WAVEFORM LIDAR SIMULATOR FOR FOREST T. ENDO, Y. SAWADA, T. KOBAYASHI and H. SAWADA

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

IX-B8, 2012 The other way is rat. eflectance derived ; wave propagation lls were generated ze of each cell had the sampling rate. ' corresponding to d by using initial sections. And the ; both the intensity ie echo signal was cells. petween sub laser ator implemented rticle with highest | understand the ts. LOGY llowing two steps: the generation of iput variables were tion angle (degree of the forest object tion vector of laser illumination angle aser beams. The Z "wpoint, in order to ;veral illumination cedure were the sub laser beam, and the target, the f target type. Next, variables were the based on the flag. a csv file of echo lowing steps. The ect as the ground. in 3DCG software. , illumination angle st object, as initial beams with in the ial point based on 1g the illumination bject. r the forest object. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B8, 2012 XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia (8) Adjustment of the position of the forest and the ground object to fix viewpoint. (9) Execution of a ray tracing between the objects and the initial points. (10) Output of the position of initial points, intersections, the intensity and the flag of object type. - Generation of echo signal- (1) Read of the output file. (2) Input of the reflectance of each object, the sapling rate and the illumination angle. (3) Generation of cells using the sampling rate and the illumination angle. (4) Calculation of intensity of each particle using its intensity and the reflectance of target type. (5) Decision of the start position of particle of a sub laser beam using the distance between initial positions of each laser beam and the intersection. (6) Summation of the intensity at cells. (7) Output of the echo signal as csv format and display of the graph of the echo signal. 6. SIMULATION SCENARIOS Several simulation cases were tested in order to examine a performance of the developed simulator. Table 2 shows lists of simulation cases. The footprint size and the reflectance of target types used common values in all simulation cases. The footprint size was 10m. The reflectance of the forest and the ground were 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. No. Species Tree Phenology Illumination The density angle ground (degree) slope angle (degree) 1 Japanese low summer 0 0 cedar 2 Japanese low summer 6 0 cedar 3 Japanese low summer 0 30 cedar 4 Japanese low summer 0 -30 cedar 5 Japanese low summer 6 30 cedar 6 Japanese low summer 6 -30 cedar 7 Japanese high summer 0 0 cedar 8 Japanese high summer 6 0 cedar 9 Japanese high summer 0 30 cedar 10 Japanese high summer 0 -30 cedar ll Japanese high summer 6 30 cedar l2 Japanese high summer 6 -30 cedar l3 Zelkova isolated summer 0 0 serrata l4 Zelkova isolated winter 0 0 serrata Table 2. The list of simulation cases Figure 1 shows several samples of initial conditions of the simulated scenarios. Figure 1 (a), (b), (c) and (d) stands for corresponding to scenario no.l, no.3, no.13 and no.l4, respectively. The discus object above the forest or the tree object stands for an irradiated area of a laser beam. The plane object under the forest and the tree object stands for the ground. In case of these simulations, the ground plane was generated automatically. (c) (d) Figure 1. Overview of several samples of initial conditions of the simulated scenarios. (a), (b), (c) and (d) stands for corresponding to scenario number 1, 3, 13 and 14, respectively. 7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 7.1 The difference of echo signals between conical shaped and bowl shaped canopy. Figure 2 is the echo signals of scenario no.l and no.13, respectively. As a result of analysis of the echo signals, the first peak corresponded to surface of object and the second peak corresponded to the ground. 4 pres ne Vries f | ^ st à | i epo A | = Ios ge ur i 3 m a (b) Figure 2. The simulated echo signals of scenario no.1 (a) and no.13 (b)

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