XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VIII

Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663822514

Title:: Technical Commission VIII

Scope:: 590 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2014

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663822514

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B8)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VIII/1:]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: BUSHFIRES IN THE KRACHI DISTRICT: THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS J. M. Kusimi, J. W. Appati

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

BUSHFIRES IN THE KRACHI DISTRICT: THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS J.M. Kusimi?, J. W. Appati* © Department of Geography & Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon. Email: jimkusimi@ug edu. sh " Department of Geography & Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon. Working Group, Theme or Special Session: VIII/1: Disaster Management KEY WORDS: Bushfires, Fire severity, Krachi District of Ghana, Normalised Burn Ratio, Remote Sensing, Change Detection. ABSTRACT: Bushfires are becoming one of the environmental challenges confronting Ghana and increasingly it has become difficult for the Government to control it because this activity is deeply rooted in the socio-cultural and economic systems of the people. The effects of bushfire on rural livelihoods and on the ecosystem in Ghana are extensive and damaging. Bushfires have accelerated environmental degradation especially in the fragile savannah ecosystem, yet there is very little in the form of public education, published data and information concerning the frequency, intensity, duration and effects of bushfire on the environment and human welfare in Ghana. The study did a change detection of biomass cover using pre and post fire normalized burnt ratio of Landsat TM+ imageries of 2002 and 2003 to determine fire severity on vegetative cover. The socio-economic impact of this disaster was collected using social survey approaches such as interviews and focus group meetings. Some of the consequences of the bushfire include the burning of food stuffs, houses as well as domestic animals. The environmental impacts of these bushfires have been very devastating and these involve the lost of biodiversity (plants and animals) and the depletion of organic matter of the soil thus impoverishing the soils. The research found out that, the continuous prevalence of this activity was due to the laxity in the implementation of bye-laws regulating bushfire burning due to the lack of personnel and logistics to state agencies in the District to combat the problem. changes such as canopy consumption, ground charring, and soil 1. INTRODUCTION colour alteration that are associated with this disaster. Remote sensing is a useful tool for mapping the extent of the burn, Bushfires are a common occurrence in the savannah understanding the biological responses due to differential ecological zones of Ghana. The savannah and grassland surface heating (i.e. fire severity), and quantifying the extent environments produce fine fuels that dry out rapidly at the end and pattern of these burned areas (Eidenshink et al, 2007; White of the rainy season resulting in some of the most frequent fire- et al, 1996). These physical characteristics are detectable using return intervals on Earth (Archibald et al, 2010). Moreover, sensors that can capture these attributes of landscapes. Fire has human ignition and fire management are pervasive throughout a significant effect on the reflective properties of the land Africa, because much of the population is not yet urbanised, and surface due to vegetation removal, soil exposure, and soil colour communal land management is common (Archibald et al, 2010). alteration making the observation of fire severity by spectral Wild land fire is an ecologically important disturbance factor in data possible (Jakubauskas et al, 1990; Milne, 1986, cited in many ecosystems. While providing many benefits in fire- White et al, 1996). Pre-fire vegetation conditions also influence adapted systems, catastrophic fire can cause severe ecosystem spectral classification of burn severity (White et al, 1996) by and watershed damage. Catastrophic fires modify ecosystems comparing it with post-fire conditions of the vegetation. by removing vegetative cover, destroying leaf chlorophyll, Several algorithms to identify and map burned areas have charring stems and altering soil characteristics which increase been developed (Miller and Thode, 2007; Miller and Yool, the risk of severe erosion and the time required for ecosystem 2002; Roy et al, 2006), which give an indication of the total area recovery (Epting et al, 2005; Miller and Yool, 2002). burned by fire, and can be used to derive the season and Information on within-burn variability is useful to ecologists frequency of fire (Archibald et al, 2010). Indices applied to burn and resource managers who want to understand fire's effects on mapping have included single date, post-burn and bi-temporal, ecosystem processes, for example, vegetation recovery and pre- and post-burn approaches (Epting et al, 2005). Parameters succession, and to plan post-fire rehabilitation and remediation. used to estimate severity in the field include the condition and Such within-burn information may be estimated by visual colour of the soil, amount of fuel consumed, resprouting from examination of burned site conditions or by labour-intensive burned plants, blackening or scorching of trees, depth of burn in field measurements (Roy et al, 2006). the soil, and changes in fuel moisture. Although several of these A number of approaches to the monitoring of biomass burning ^ parameters may not be amenable directly to optical wavelength by remote sensing have been proposed over recent years (Eva remote sensing, or may not be related in a linear way to and Lambin, 1998). The first option concerns the selection of a reflectance, field-based measures of fire severity have been used suitable indicator of biomass burning: smoke plumes, active to parameterize and assess fire severity maps created using fires; or burnt areas (Eva and Lambin, 1998). Remote sensing of optical wavelength satellite data (Roy et al, 2006). One index burnt landscapes is made possible because of the physical presented as a reliable means to map fire severity using remote 39

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