Chambers's encyclopædia: [Elephant to Gonzalvo di Cordova]

Chambers, William; Chambers, Robert; Chambers, Ephraim

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1667435949

Title:: XVIIIth Congress

Sub title:: Vienna, Austria 1996

Year of publication:: 1996

Place of publication:: Vienna

Publisher of the original:: Austrian Society of Surveying and Geoinformation

Identifier (digital):: 1667435949

Language:: English

Editor:: Kraus, Karl; Waldhäusl, Peter

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1667448226

Title:: XVIIIth Congress

Scope:: 626 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1996

Place of publication:: Vienna

Publisher of the original:: Austrian Society of Surveying and Geoinformation

Identifier (digital):: 1667448226

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(31,B5)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist anhand des Copyrightjahrs ermittelt.

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Kraus, Karl; Waldhäusl, Peter

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Non-Cartographic Applications of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Non-Cartographic Applications of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Non-Cartographic Applications of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Non-Cartographic Applications of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: Ortho Projection and Drawing for Archeological Artifacts of complicated form Hiroshi YOKOYAMA [...] Katsuhiro HATANO, Hirofumi CHIKATSU [...]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

e . copper 'S as an purging, doses of oes and in case lons (as idency), hepatic N, e rritable r intes- ot very eautiful staining D ker for tute of with a ted by er ani- efit of ne-laws antries, every- nt.:.Jn nselves which ut the , where varrens day to game- e still aterial larities on the and 2 6 Will Night ymend- 24 and wind 12 and 24 wever, ct, and n law, , s onr wn the ect. t com- - game could Crown. wn to e first 5 com- ranted lessee every is still essary : legal icence t only there luring hether game. 1imals TOUSE, stards. game, > year GAMMA—GANDO. 1 round. But no game must be killed on Sundays or Christmas-day; to do so, subjects the offender to a penalty of £5. Though the above animals alone are game, the game acts also protect certain other animals—viz., woodcocks, snipes, quails, land- rails, and conies; that is to say, any person illegally trespassing in pursuit of these may be fined £2. The eggs of game are also protected. In general, the game-laws consist merely of a net-work of penalties directed against these illegal trespasses, and these will be more properly stated under the head of PoACHING (q.v.). Trespasses in the night- time, in pursuit of game, are punished more severely than those in the daytime; and when there are several persons acting together, exceeding five, the penalties are increased, and still more so when the poachers are armed with dangerous weapons, and use violence. As between landlord and tenant, the general rule is, that, if there is no provision to the contrary in the lease, the tenant has the exclusive right to kill the game, and not the landlord; hence, the land- lord, in order to preserve the right, must always introduce an express clause in the lease for his protection. When that is done, then the tenant may be punished like other persons for poaching. Formerly, it was attempted to protect lands against poachers by setting spring-guns and man-traps, and the English courts were inclined to hold this to be legal. But to put an end to all doubt, a statute was passed, and is now in force, which expressly prohibits spring-guns except to protect dwelling-houses (24 and 25 Vict. c. 100, s. 31). In order to discountenance poaching, game is declared to be not a legal article of sale except by licensed game-dealers ; this licence costs £2. The game-dealer can only buy his game from licensed sportsmen, and it is an offence for any of the public to buy game except from these licensed dealers, or to sell game without a licence; but sportsmen are not prohibited from making presents of game to any person. As regards game-licences, these are now of two kinds: one is annual, and costs £3; the other lasts about half the year, and costs £2. A gamekeeper’s licence costs £2. These licences are necessary, not merely to kill game, but also to kill ‘deer, wood- cocks, snipes, quails, landrails, and conies or rabbits. An exemption, however, exists, as regards hares and rabbits, when the owner or occupier kills these on his own enclosed ground, or directs another person to do so, in which case no licence is necessary; but this exemption only applies when the lands are enclosed or fenced, and the owner or occupier has otherwise the legal right to kill the hares and rabbits. No licence is required for merely hunting with staghounds, greyhounds, or beagles, or killing deer in one’s own park. Moreover, attendants or friends going out with licensed sports- men, provided these merely assist, and do not play a principal part, do not require a licence. But in all other cases it requires a licence, not only for killing, but for pursuing game, or even for lifting and taking away dead game from a highway or field. Assessed taxes must also be paid for dogs— viz., for each dog 12s. See on the foregoing sub- jects, Paterson’s Game-laws of the United Kingdom. The policy of the game-laws has often been questioned. Mr Bright obtained a committee of the House of Commons in 1845, who examined the subject. These laws are represented, on the one hand, to be far too stringent, to be badly admin- istered by interested justices, and, lastly, to be opposed to the moral sentiments of the lower orders, who persist in treating such offences as venial, if not praiseworthy. On the other hand, | particularly where owners of land say that they are entitled to pro- tection against trespassers, and this is the only way by which they can be protected. In Scotland, several of the foregoing statutes, such as the Night Poaching Act and the Game Licences’ Act, also apply. There is a similar act as to day-poaching—viz., 2 and 8 Will. IV. c. 68, and as to hares, 11 and 12 Vict. c. 30. The provisions in the English act as to game-dealers and the sale of game also apply. But in Scotland, not only a game-certificate, but a qualification, is requisite to enable a person to shoot, except he has the permis- sion of a qualified person. So it is in Ireland, but not in England. In Scotland, the close season differs slightly from that of England, and so_does the definition of game. The law as between land- lord and tenant is also so far different, that the presumption is the reverse in Scotland; for if nothing is said in the lease, the right to the game belongs to the landlord, and not to the tenant. A tenant has also a right of action against the landlord for excessive preserving, if extraordinary injury is thereby done to his crops—a right which does not exist in England or Ireland. See Paterson’s Game-laws, Irvine’s Game-laws. In Ireland, the law is nearly the same in substance with that of England ; but there are distinct statutes and minor differences as to the qualification to kill game, as to the definition of game, of close-time, &c. See Paterson’s Game-laws, Levinge’s Game-laws. GAMMA, GAMME, or GAMMUT, the name given to the system of musical notation invented by Guido, the first note of which he called by the Greek letter Gamma. Later, the whole scale got the name of Gamma, but it afterwards fell into disuse with Guido’s Solmisation. In modern music, the term is applied to the scale or compass of wind instruments. GA'MMARUS, a genus of Crustacea of the section Hdrioph- thalma (q. v.), and order Amphipoda, of . which . one species, G. pulex, is extremely com- mon in gprings and rivulets in Britain, decaying vegetable matter has accu- mulated. It gene- rally keeps near the bottom ; swims on Fresh-water Shrimp (Gammarus its side, with a kind pulex), magnified. of jerking motion, and feeds on dead fishes or any other animal matter. Tt is sometimes called the Fresh-water Shrimp. GAMRUN. See GOMBROON. GAND. See GHENT. GA'NDIA, a beautiful town of Spain, in the province of Valencia, and 34 miles south-south-east of the town of that name, stands on the left bank of the Alcoy, about two miles from the sea. It is well built, with streets regular and spacious; is surrounded with walls and towers, has numerous ecclesiastical edifices, and a magnificent ducal palace, | adorned with gilding and azulejos or coloured tiles. Its gardens are fertile and luxuriant beyond descrip- | tion. It has manufactures of linen, woollen, and silken fabrics, and a trade in rice, hemp, silk, and timber. Pop. 6000. GANDO. 1st, A kingdom or empire of Stdan, situated on both sides of the Niger. It is bounded on the north-west by the empire of Songhay, and on 613

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