Niels-Henrik Abel

Bjerknes, Carl A.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1676492852

Author:: Navier, Claude-Louis-Marie-Henri

Title:: Lehrbuch der Differential- und Integralrechnung

Edition title:: Zweite vermehrte Auflage

Year of publication:: 1854

Place of publication:: Hannover

Identifier (digital):: 1676492852

Parallel title:: Originaltitel: Résumé des leçons d'analyse

Language:: German

Publisher of the original:: Hahn'sche Hofbuchhandlung

Other Title:: Originaltitel: Résumé des leçons d'analyse

Editor:: Wittstein, Theodor

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1676498184

Author:: Navier, Claude-Louis-Marie-Henri

Title:: Lehrbuch der Differential- und Integralrechnung

Scope:: X, 446 Seiten

Edition title:: Zweite vermehrte Auflage

Year of publication:: 1854

Place of publication:: Hannover

Identifier (digital):: 1676498184

Illustration:: Diagramme

Signature of the source:: a 510/1(2),2

Language:: German

Publisher of the original:: Hahn'sche Hofbuchhandlung

Usage licence:: Public Domain Mark 1.0

Editor:: Wittstein, Theodor

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Mathematics

Chapter

Title:: Zusätze.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management/Enschede/August 1986 © 1987Baikema, Rotterdam. ISBN 90 6191 674 7 973 Remote sensing applications: An outlook for the future Herman Th. Verstappen International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC), Enschede, Netherlands ABSTRACT: To minimize the risk that predictions on the future of remote sensing applications are mere specu lations, the author first analyses the developments in this field during the last few decades and specifies present trends. Thereafter some extrapolations to a period of approximately equal length in the future are given. In the context of this 7th symposium of Commission VII, ISPRS, it is considered appropriate to use the 1st symposium, held in Delft, 1962, as a starting point and to look forward to the 14th symposium in the year 2014. The author tries to weigh the future role in resource surveying of high-resolution satellites, low-resol ution satellites and aircraft of various kinds. Recording systems in the photographic, thermographic and microwave bands are treated separately and the changing relationships between resource surveyors and photo- grammetrists also are touched upon. The growing importance of optimal organization and utilization of the massive amount of data gathered by way of geographic information systems (GIS) is indicated and finally the necessity of matching space technology with the immediate and future needs of the human race is emphasized. INTRODUCTION Summarizing the outcome of a large Symposium, like the present 7th symposium of Commission VII, of the International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) is a difficult task, particularly if it has to be done at the closing session and thus without the possibility of data analysis, selection and compression provided by the filtering process of quiet contemplation. Venturing an outlook for the future may even be considered hazardous under such conditions if there are no clear-cut trends of de velopment. Fortunately in the field of remote sen sing applications, at least some indications can be detected that may serve as a basis for extrapolation into the future. Although this fact makes my task today somewhat easier, I prefer to take two precau tions to limit the chances of arriving at erroneous conclusions. First, I think it is wise to briefly view the developments during the last quarter century by com paring the state-of-the-art in 1962 when the 1st symposium of Commission VII was held at ITC, then in Delft, with the present situation as reflected in the papers presented and the discussions held during this 7th symposium in Enschede, 1986. I will then, as a second precaution limit my at tempt to extrapolate these trends to another period of similar length, as will be reflected —assuming that itty guesswork is correct— in the proceedings of the 14th symposium of Commission VII in the year 2014. A longer prediction period seems rather un realistic. Thereafter I will try to refine the extrapolation by introducing present technological trends and users' needs as factors affecting directly the fu ture course of development. Not all of us will play an active part in that 14th symposium. Some may even already be engaged in an interesting study on "ange- lo photogrammetry" and —although I have high hopes for the technological advances of the next century— I am strongly convinced that in that case oral pre sentation will be a major obstacle. IN RETROSPECT The 1962 symposium was still just in the era domi nated by stereoscopic interpretation of aerial photographs using simple conventional methods that had been established three or four decades earlier. This is clearly reflected in the papers presented: only five of the 75 papers of the transactions deal with technical and méthodologie matters, the re mainder being straight-forward applications to specific fields and areas. The winds of change, however, were already begin ning to blow and in part were also reflected in the programme. Airborne geophysical surveying, particu larly magnetometer surveys, but also EM and scin tillometer surveys, using low-flying aircraft had become common practice in the 1950s, but these non imaging remote sensing methods had developed inde pendently and had rather escaped the attention of photo-interpreters: There was no paper presented about this subject during the 1962 symposium. Some textbooks on photo-interpretation in those days already pointed to the fact that the visible spectrum, in which aerial photography is rooted, is only a small portion of the electro-magnetic spec trum and that other wavelengths, particularly the microwave and thermal IR bands, awaited explora tion. Although vertical PPI (plan position indica tor) radar had been extensively used during World War II, the strip-wise sensing by SLAR was develop ed only in the 1950s and was not yet commercially available in 1962. Thermographic remote sensing had just made its entry in the scene and although air borne applications were not referred to during the symposium, two papers dealt with early satellite applications of this type of sensor installed in the TIROS (Television and Infra-Red Observation Satellite) low-resolution weather satellites. These two papers thus also mark the advent of> satellite remote sensing and it is of interest to note that each of them highlighted a subject that is still a focus of interest, namely: surveillance and moni toring through repetitive satellite passes, and computer applications in semi-automatic satellite image interpretation systems (mentioning, for exam ple, pattern recognition, man-machine communication and the need of a (photo) data base). Obviously in 1962 photo-interpretation was on the threshold of the new era of "remote sensing" that in the past 24 years has stunned the professional world by a mush rooming of new tools, methods and applications.

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