XVIIIth Congress: Commission VI

Kraus, Karl; Waldhäusl, Peter

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1667435949

Title:: XVIIIth Congress

Sub title:: Vienna, Austria 1996

Year of publication:: 1996

Place of publication:: Vienna

Publisher of the original:: Austrian Society of Surveying and Geoinformation

Identifier (digital):: 1667435949

Language:: English

Editor:: Kraus, Karl; Waldhäusl, Peter

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1677550198

Title:: Commission VI

Scope:: 149, 110, 92 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1996

Place of publication:: Vienna

Publisher of the original:: Austrian Society of Surveying and Geoinformation

Identifier (digital):: 1677550198

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(31,B6)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Die Vorlage enthält insgesamt 3 Werke: Commission VI (Seiten 1-149); National reports (Seiten 1-110); Special sessions (Seiten 1-92)

Other Title:: Enthaltendes Werk: National Reports; Enthaltendes Werk: Special sessions

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Kraus, Karl; Waldhäusl, Peter

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Economic, Professional, and Educational Aspects of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Economic, Professional, and Educational Aspects of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Economic, Professional, and Educational Aspects of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Economic, Professional, and Educational Aspects of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: Commission VI

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: DIGITAL MAPPING AND GIS EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Prof. O. O. Ayeni [...] Commission VI Working Group 1

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

79 84 85 93 99 106 111 114 118 123 128 133 138 DIGITAL MAPPING AND GIS EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Prof. O. O. Ayeni Department of Surveying Faculty of Engineering University of Lagos Lagos, Nigeria. Commission VI Working Group 1 KEY WORDS: Digital, Mapping, GIS, Education, Developing Countries ABSTRACT: Digital Mapping for the purpose of this paper is defined in terms of operational activities involved in Digital Surveying, Digital Photogrammetry, Digital Remote Sensing and Digital Cartography. Its relationship with GIS and Computer Assisted Mapping is explained. A survey was conducted at the country-wide and tertiary institutional levels in order to provide answers to questions such as “How have the developing countries fared in the acquisition and application of modern techniques of Digital Mapping and GIS education?” The result of the survey shows that developing countries and their tertiary institutions can be divided into four categories in descending order of advanced development of modern techniques. The fourth category represented by least developed countries needs urgent attention. The survey also portrays North-South technical cooperation between developed and developing countries as a necessity for all developing countries for the acquisition of Digital Mapping and GIS education and its application for mapping projects. Donor countries and agencies involved in this type of cooperation are identified and commended. Possibilities for potential South-South technical cooperation amongst developing countries are also identified. The merits of multinational cooperation through regional centres and multi-institutional linkage cooperation are highlighted and encouraged. 1. INTRODUCTION Digital Mapping for the purpose of this paper embraces Modern disciplines in the Mapping Sciences such as Digital Surveying, Digital Photogrammetry, Digital Remote Sensing and Digital Cartography. It constitutes that branch of integrated Mapping in which digitized images, digital imagery, or digital data, electronically recorded are used for making maps or for establishing positions on the earth’s surface through computer processing. There are therefore two aspects of Digital Mapping - the_discrete mode such as GPS whereby ground controls are established or extended and continuous mode, by which maps are produced. The common feature of these various branches of Digital Mapping is that input data are obtained, recorded, analysed and stored in digital form suitable for computer processing. These four branches of Digital Mapping also constitute the major sources of spatial information for Geographic Information System (see Figs. 1.1, 1.2). For the past two decades, the Mapping World has witnessed great strides in the development of these modern techniques of mapping. For example, photogrammetry has witnessed the transition from analog to analytical photogrammetry and from analytical to digital photogrammetry. Surveying has also been transformed from ground to space or Satellite surveying while acquisition of imagery of spatial objects has been extended from aircraft to space vehicles. Metric photos can now be converted to digital form and handled by digital image processing apart from acquisition of digital images directly through digital cameras. Manual cartographic processes have been transformed into computer assisted cartographic processes. Explanations are given in Figs. 1.1, 1.2 as to how the various operational activities associated with the four branches of Digital Mapping are connected with GIS. The past two decades have also witnessed increased awareness of the importance of GIS/LIS as an invaluable and efficient tool for storing, retrieving, analyzing, updating and displaying spatial data. Most importantly, GIS provides a database from where maps can easily be produced and updated. Figs. 1.1, 1.2 also depict the interconnection between the four branches of Digital Mapping, GIS, Computer Assisted Mapping. The crucial question is how have the developing countries fared in the acquisition and application of these modern techniques of mapping? What is the status of Digital Mapping and GIS in developing countries? Are these countries aware of these modern trends? Are these countries being marginalized in the adoption and application of these modern techniques? If so, how can they be assisted to come on board the modern trend? What 1 efforts can the countries concerned make to acquire these modern skill of Surveying and Mapping? The paper provides answers to these and other related questions. 2. SURVEY OF FACILITIES AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES A survey was conducted to assess the status of Digital Mapping and GIS education in some developing countries of Africa, Latin America, Middle East and Eastern Europe. The survey sought information concerning the availability of hardware and software facilities, training programmes, research work, GIS and Digital Mapping activities and technical assistance which are related to modern techniques in these countries. Two types of questionnaires, country-wide survey questionnaire and tertiary institutional survey questionnaire were administered in about 30 developing countries and over 40 institutions. Only 11 countries responded to the country-wide survey and about 22 responded to the institutional survey questionnaire. The criterion for being a developing country according to the paper is that the country must require technical assistance directly or indirectly to develop facilities (hardware and software) and manpower resources for Digital Mapping and GIS. 3. RESULTS OF SURVEY 3.1 Country-wide Survey The Purpose of the country-wide survey was to identify the state of the art of Digital Mapping and GIS in some developing countries. The result of the survey as presented in Table 1 shows that developing countries can be classified into four categories. The first group of developing countries are those in which modern techniques of Digital Mapping and GIS have been introduced in many of their mapping operations. In these countries exemplified by Brazil and South Africa, manpower development is at an advanced stage with quite a substantial number of people trained at a high level of competence in Digital Mapping and GIS. In this group there are institutions offering educational programmes in aspects of Digital Mapping and GIS up to M.Sc. or Ph.D. level. See Tables 1 and 2 for the training programmes of Brazil and South Africa. Countries in this first category are also engaged in activities covering aspects of Digital Mapping techniques such as GPS, DIP, GIS and Computer Cartography. The second category of developing countries from Table 1 consists of countries with a lesser number of qualified people in International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B6. Vienna 1996

Access restriction

Copyright

fullscreen: Commission VI (Part B6)

Multivolume work

Volume

Chapter

Chapter

Table of contents

Cite and reuse

Volume

Chapter

Image

Image fragment

Citation links

Citation recommendation