XVIIIth Congress: Commission VI

Kraus, Karl; Waldhäusl, Peter

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1667435949

Title:: XVIIIth Congress

Sub title:: Vienna, Austria 1996

Year of publication:: 1996

Place of publication:: Vienna

Publisher of the original:: Austrian Society of Surveying and Geoinformation

Identifier (digital):: 1667435949

Language:: English

Editor:: Kraus, Karl; Waldhäusl, Peter

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1677550198

Title:: Commission VI

Scope:: 149, 110, 92 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1996

Place of publication:: Vienna

Publisher of the original:: Austrian Society of Surveying and Geoinformation

Identifier (digital):: 1677550198

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(31,B6)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Die Vorlage enthält insgesamt 3 Werke: Commission VI (Seiten 1-149); National reports (Seiten 1-110); Special sessions (Seiten 1-92)

Other Title:: Enthaltendes Werk: National Reports; Enthaltendes Werk: Special sessions

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Kraus, Karl; Waldhäusl, Peter

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Economic, Professional, and Educational Aspects of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Economic, Professional, and Educational Aspects of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Economic, Professional, and Educational Aspects of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 18., 1996, Wien; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission Economic, Professional, and Educational Aspects of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: Commission VI

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: LINGUISTIC CONFUSION IN SEMANTIC MODELLING. Hans-Peter Bähr [...], Anita Schwender [...] Commission VI

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

ared to a land use t. Forest, al signa- ne class. > "sealed nd "resi- signation an enor- it comes ! unsharp not exist e "build- only the parcel is o matter t. forms of tribution into this 1 inexact "polluted pulated" ‚here are ature do and are e of ele- vhen the as many | param- the cor- TE t limited erlapped graphic Analyti- although n photo- leverthe- without t surpris- el reality nd lines" are arti- iseful for vorld. lling still acteristic Sealed Sürlace Road Parking Site Square Indust. Area Resid. Area Water Park Swamp Grassland Forest Forest Grassland Swamp Park X| X| X| X Water X|X|X Resid. Area Indust. Area. XX Square XX|X Parking Site X| X| X| X Road XX XXX XX XXXX Sealed Surface Figure 3: Confusion matrix for land use semantics of the analogue and analytical world (Kuhn, 1993) are the concepts " generalisation, resolution and scale". The concept "scale" loses meaning when we describe the real world by means of analytical methods, i.e. with coordinates. Coordi- nates conform to reality by principle in scale 1:1. The concept of "scale" as we use it in every day science, is therefore always related to the visualisation of the real world. This does not apply to generalisation, at least not to an im- portant part of it. The so-called "generalisation during data capture" is basically scale-independent. Scale onlys acquire importance when considering a posterior visualisation of the captured information. The concept "generalisation" is very helpful for semantic modelling, which is not the case of the concept "scale". It was shown in Figure 1 that transforma- tions of the real world over the iconic to the symbolic level always impliy generalisation of the " generalisation during data capture” type. "Resolution", finally, is a concept that has many aspects. Originally it described the quality of sensors and their com- ponents. In this sense, the modulation transfer function is a measure of the resolution of sensors which describes mathe- matically in a very elegant way the effects of each component. For semantic modelling this is of little use. The concept of resolution in this context must be understood as the capacity to recognize and label an object. If this is to be accomplished today with modern tools and the assistance of a computer, it should be stated here that even with analogue processes, resolution was defined in relationship with " recognizability of objects". The discussion over the terms "point", "line", "generalisa- tion", "resolution" and "scale" shows that they stand for images that have each of them be developed in an individual technological context and that they are only wholly applicable there. In a different technical context the direct transference can only lead to confusion which is basicalle of linguistic na- ture in a similar way as unprecise terms. 11 8 CONCLUSION: OLD PATTERNS OF THINKING BLOCK SOLUTIONS New materials and new tools, consistently used, must lead to new products. This requires a wide theoretical analysis, even new patterns of thinking. In oposition to the coordinates of the analytical photogram- metry, the new material, "digital images" carries not only geometrical but also semantic information. The value of the new products is characterised by attribute data, less by ge- ometrical data. The methods of adequately describing such data are today in full evolution. The human operator shall in the future be substituted in the highest possible degree by computer assisted procedures It is our main aim to show that new patterns of thinking are required or, in other words: without the disposition to radically question apparently logical model assumptions (in the real world there do not exist such things as "points" !) false assumptions are created, blocking scientific progesss. It should then not be surprising when complicated theories and unsatisfactory results are obtained. An example shall suffice: The (false) assumption that the Earth is the centre of the Universe, lead to complicated theo- ries to explain the plante epicycle, precisely an unsatisfactory result. That is why image semantics cannot be treated, for example, with the methods of Analytical Geometry. It is apparently feasible, but it complicates the theory and unsatisfactory re- sults are obtained. REFERENCES Ackermann, Friedrich, 1995. Digitale Photogrammetrie - ein Paradigmasprung. Zeitschrift für Photogrammetrie und Fernerkundung, pp. 106-115. Bahr, Hans-Peter, Franz Quint and Uwe Stilla, 1995. Mo- dellbasierte Verfahren der Luftbildanalyse zur Karten- fortführung. Zeitschrift für Photogrammetrie und Fern- erkundung. pp. 224-234. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B6. Vienna 1996

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