Pouillet's Lehrbuch der Physik und Meteorologie: Lehrbuch der kosmischen Physik

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1926666585

Author:: Pouillet, Claude Servais Mathias

Title:: Pouillet's Lehrbuch der Physik und Meteorologie

Sub title:: in zwei Bänden : mit gegen 1000 in den Text eingedruckten Holzschnitten

Year of publication:: 1842

Place of publication:: Braunschweig; Hannover

Identifier (digital):: 1926666585

Write comment:: Lehrbuch; In Fraktur; Bände 1-3 erschienen ab 1842

Original title:: Eléments de physique experimentale et de météorologie

Language:: German

Additional Notes:: Bände 1-3 erschienen ab 1842

Publisher of the original:: Druck und Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn

Translator:: Müller, Johann Heinrich Jacob

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)

Document type:: Multivolume work

Collection:: Earth sciences; Astronomy; Physics

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1926677218

Author:: Müller, Johann Heinrich Jacob

Title:: Lehrbuch der kosmischen Physik

Sub title:: mit 302 in den Text eingedruckten Holzschnitten und einem Atlas von 33 Stahlstich-Tafeln, zum Theil in Farbendruck

Scope:: XVII, 567 Seiten

Edition title:: Zweite wesentlich verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage

Year of publication:: 1861

Place of publication:: Braunschweig

Identifier (digital):: 1926677218

Write comment:: Lehrbuch; In Fraktur

Signature of the source:: a 3947(3),2/1861

Language:: German

Publisher of the original:: Druck und Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn

Usage licence:: Public Domain Mark 1.0

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2025

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Physics; Astronomy

Chapter

Title:: Erstes Buch. Bewegungserscheinungen der Himmelskörper und ihre mechanische Erklärung.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Fünftes Capitel. Die Satelliten.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

APOSTLES’ CREED—APOSTOLIC MAJESTY. their sphere of labour was indefinitely extended. ¢Go, and teach all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.’ On the day of Pentecost, the apostles received miraculous gifts fitting them for their arduous work. And after evangelising for some years in Palestine, they all departed, with the exception of St James, into various quarters of the globe; but the region of their ministry seems to have princi- pally comprised the civilised provinces and cities of the eastern part of the Roman empire—viz., Syria, Asia Minor, and Greece; though probably Peter, and after him Paul, visited Rome. There is no historical foundation for the tradition that the first apostles divided the then known world into twelve parts, each taking one of these for his special sphere of labour. This figment was very likely originated by two circumstances : 1. That the disciples were commanded to go into all the world and preach the gospel; and 2. That the disciples in point of fact had little personal intercourse with each other. 'Their zeal for the propagation of Christianity left them no time to gratify their social inclinations. As a consequence, we have very imperfect accounts of their lives or manner of death. The several apostles are usually represented in medieval pictures with special badges or attributes: St Peter, with the keys; St Paul, with a sword ; St Andrew, with a cross; St James the Less, with a fuller’s pole ; St John, with a cup and a winged serpent flying out of it; St Bartholomew, with a knife ; St Philip, with a long staff, whose upper end is formed into a cross; St Thomas, with a lance; St Matthew, with a hatchet; St Matthias, with a battle-axe ; St James the Greater, with a pilgrim’s staff and a gourd-bottle; St Simon, with a saw ; and St Jude, with a club. APO'STLES’ CREED. See CrEE APOSTO'LIC, or APOSTO'LICAL, the general erm applied to everything derived directly from, or bearing the character of the apostles. Either case constitutes apostolicity. The Roman Catholic Church declares itself the A. Church; the papal chair the A. chair, on the ground of an unbroken series of Roman bishops, from the chief apostle, Peter. The Church of England, in virtue of regular episcopal ordination from the pre-reformation church, claims to be A.; so likewise do the Protestant Episcopal churches in Scotland and the TUnited ~States. Apostolic Tradition (see TRADITION) claims to have been handed down from the apostles. In the same special sense, the name of A. Council belongs to that conclave of the apostles at Jerusalem (Acts, xv.), about the year 51 or 52 A.D., occasioned by the disputes raised at Antioch by Judaising Chris- tians as to the admission of uncircumecised Gentiles into the church. Certain congregations or churches, also, which were the special scenes of the labours of the apostles, bore for centuries the title of A. Churches, more especially those of Jerusalem, Antioch, Ephesus, Corinth, and Rome. But with the ever- increasing spiritual power of the Romish hierarchy, the name A. came to be more and more exclusively applied to Rome, and is retained by her, despite the energetic protests of the Protestant Churches. Hence the term Apostolic See, ie., the see of Rome; Apostolic Blessing, the blessing of the pope as the successor of St Peter; Apostolic Vicar, the cardinal who represents the pope in extraordinary missions ; Apostolic Chamber, a council intrusted with the care of the revenues of the see of Rome; Apostolic Months—January, March, May, July, September, November—the months in which the pope, according to the Vienna Concordat of 1448, took possession of the vacant benefices in Germany, 318 &c. A vpapal brief or letter is styled A. in the same sense. APOSTO'LIC BRETHREN, or APOSTOLICH, the name given in Italy, towards the end of the 13th c., to one of those sects which, animated by the spirit of an Arnold of Brescia, felt constrained to oppose the worldly tendencies of the church. Its founder was Gerhard Segarelli, a weaver in Parma. Rejected, from some cause or other, by the Franciscan order, his long-continued and enthusiastic medita- tions led him to the profound conviction that it was above all things necessary to return to the simple forms of apostolic life. Accordingly, he went about (1260) in the garb of the apostles, as a preacher of repentance, and by his practical discourses gathered many adherents into a kind of free society, bound by no oaths. At first he managed to avoid any direct collision with the dogmas of the church; but after twenty years of undisturbed activity and growing influence, Segarelli was arrested by the Bishop of Parma ; and in 1286, upon the occasion of his release, Pope Honorius IV. renewed a decree of Pope Gregory X. against all religious communities not directly sanctioned by the papal chair. In 1290, Nicholas IV. setting himself expressly to oppose the A. B., they, on their side, began avowedly to denounce the papacy, and its corrupt and worldly church, as the Babylon of the Apocalypse. In 1300, many, both men and women, and among them Segarelli, as having, after abjuration, relapsed into heresy, perished at the stake. But his cause survived him. Dolcino, a more energetic and cultivated man, brought up as a priest, who had previously taken an active part in the Tyrol against the corruptions of the church, now headed the orphan sect in Ttaly. He taught the duty of a complete renunciation of all worldly ties, of property and settled abode, &e. Having retreated into Dalmatia, he announced from thence the dawning of a new era, and in 1304, reappeared in Upper Italy, with thousands of adherents, as the enemy of the papacy—at that time humbled and impoverished by France. In 1305, a crusade was preached against him. He fortified the mountain Zebello, in the diocese of Vercelli, but was, after a gallant defence, compelled by famine to submit. After horrible tortures, which he bore with the utmost fortitude, he was burned. In Lombardy and the south of France, remnants of the A. B. lingered on till 1368. See Krone, Fra Dolcino und die Patarener. (Leipsic, 1844.) APOSTO'LIC CATHOLIC CHURCH. See IRVINGITES. APOSTO'LIC FATHERS, the name given to the immediate disciples and fellow-labourers of the apostles, and, in a more restricted sense, to those among them who have left writings behind them. The A. F.,, specially so called, are Barnabas, Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, and Polycarp of Smyrna. It is uncertain whether Papias of Hierapolis, and the author of the Shepherd, who gave himself out as the Hermas spoken of in Rom. xvi. 14, were reall disciples of the apostles. The writings of the A. F., as to their form and subject, may be looked upon as a continuation of the apostolic epistles, though far inferior to them in spirit. Their main purpose is to exhort to faith and holiness hefore Christ's coming again. The writings of the A. F. have been brought within the reach of English readers by the translations of Archbishop Wake and Mr Chevallier. APOSTO'LIC MAJESTY, a title held by the kings of Hungary, was conferred by Pope Sylvester 1L, in 1000 A.p., upon Duke Stephen of Hungary, who -had not only much encouraged the progress of Christianity in Hungary, but actually preached himse title of M tinue of Hu Al TIO. Rom: be a prece of ei and rule prob: the ! ment of th the 1 and « howe Apo: were comyj from were ree thirt 6th « the'c upor can the that tivel of tl A wh of S who sent selv A T troo an a final A used tion mi min the fact a n Chu diffe Biss A or | spec add pers obj¢ prai mar and bec wrl ner mal the 78 ; A skil the the

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