Proceedings of the CIPA WG 6 International Workshop on Scanning for Cultural Heritage Recording

Böhler, Wolfgang

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 830281592

Title:: Proceedings of the CIPA WG 6 International Workshop on Scanning for Cultural Heritage Recording

Sub title:: September, 1 - 2, 2002, Corfu, Greece

Scope:: 159 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2002

Place of publication:: Thessaloniki

Publisher of the original:: Publ. ZITI

Identifier (digital):: 830281592

Illustration:: Illustrationen

Signature of the source:: T 15 B 1303

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Böhler, Wolfgang

Corporations:: International Workshop on Scanning for Cultural Heritage Recording, 2002, Kerkira; ICOMOS/ISPRS Committee for Documentation of Cultural Heritage

Adapter:: International Workshop on Scanning for Cultural Heritage Recording, 2002, Kerkira; ICOMOS/ISPRS Committee for Documentation of Cultural Heritage

Founder of work:: International Workshop on Scanning for Cultural Heritage Recording, 2002, Kerkira; ICOMOS/ISPRS Committee for Documentation of Cultural Heritage

Other corporate:: International Workshop on Scanning for Cultural Heritage Recording, 2002, Kerkira; ICOMOS/ISPRS Committee for Documentation of Cultural Heritage

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2015

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 3. SOFTWARE

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: 3D SCANNING SOFTWARE: AN INTRODUCTION. Wolfgang BOEHLER, Guido HEINZ, Andreas MARBS, Mirko SIEBOLD

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

-47- 3D SCANNING SOFTWARE: AN INTRODUCTION Wolfgang BOEHLER, Guido HEINZ, Andreas MARBS, Mirko SIEBOLD i3mainz, Institute for Spatial Information and Surveying Technology, FH Mainz, University of Applied Sciences, Holzstrasse 36, 55116 Mainz, Germany, i3mainz@geoinform.fh-mainz.de KEY WORDS: 3D, scanning, close range, cultural heritage, CAD, surface models, image mapping. ABSTRACT: The software tools needed in 3D scanning comprise a large number of modules. Software for scanner control is used to define which parts of an object are scanned at which resolution. Software for treating the huge data volumes of point clouds must allow visuali zation, data cleaning, filtering, point thinning and registration. If geometrically simple objects are encountered, software is used to fit primitives to the respective points. In the case of more complicated objects as they are frequently encountered in cultural heritage documentation, polygonal meshing is used to replace the surface by a mesh of small triangles. Meshing software must work in true 3D for these tasks and should be flexible enough to adjust to smooth surfaces and edges. Furthermore, it should be possible to map images onto the 3D meshes. A review of presently available software products shows that no ideal software product is available yet. 1. INTRODUCTION Software for 3D scanning actually comprises several software modules of very different types. Considering the whole process from data collection to final product, a rough distinction may be made as follows: • Software for scanner control, • software for point cloud treatment, • software for fitting of primitives to the point cloud, • software for the creation of complex surface models, • software for texture and image mapping, • software for data and project management. The quality of these software modules will have a considerable influence on the quality of the final 3D model and on the time needed to achieve this result. Thus, a smoothly performing software product is a basic requirement for the acceptance of 3D scanning. Whereas the performance of some scanners is really im pressive, the software supplied with these instruments is often disappointing. No company has yet a satisfying set of software modules to offer with its hardware. Since some of the modules needed (e. g. for surface modeling) are rather complex, the software development departments of the producers are too small to handle this demanding job. On the other hand, com mon powerful CAD and 3D modeling software packages are available on the market, lacking the ability to handle the large amounts of points encountered in scanning projects, however. Apart from this, some small companies have decided to pro duce stand-alone software for the treatment of 3D scanner data. From a commercial point of view, it seems to be super fluous to develop the same modules at many places, con sidering the relatively small number of copies that can be sold. Presently, a user looking for fast and high quality data processing is obliged to switch between several software products during data processing. For certain tasks, it may even be necessary to develop own modules. Considering the growing market on one side and the economical constraints on the other, it may be expected that a certain consolidation and concentration may occur in the near future, hopefully leading to better software solutions (and support), thus promoting the acceptance of 3D scanning as a method for 3D modeling. 2. SOFTWARE FOR SCANNER CONTROL 2.1 Scan window and scan resolution A very simple solution for a fixed scanner without motorized axes would be the use of a fixed window with a pre-set resolu tion. In this case, the only control element would be a start button, and the only purpose of the scanning software would be the computation of 3D coordinates from the measured elements and the storage of those in a pre-described file and format. For a more sophisticated approach, especially for instruments with axes, it should be possible to chose from a range of possible resolutions and to select one or more individual scan windows. The scanning process can be organized much more intelligently, however. Among possible improvements are • a choice of different possibilities of window definitions (digital input, using the laser beam itself, or using a fram ing function in a camera image), • ‘moving’ windows that can follow long bent structures (e.g. pipes), • automatic or semi-automatic adjustment of scan resolution for the registration targets detected in object space, • automatic adjustment of scan resolution in order to achieve (near) constant grid sizes on surfaces at different distances from the scanner, or depending on object definition (low resolution in smooth areas, high resolution at edges). 2.2 On-site visualization and registration During the scanning process on site it is highly desirable to have reliable information about the progress and the complete ness of the scan. Since this matter can get totally out of hand when complex 3D structures with many hidden areas are surveyed, a tool to register several point clouds should be available as well as a point cloud viewer and at least a simple tool to create a rough surface mesh.

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