Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 2 Microwave data. Chairman: N. Lannelongue, Liaison: L. Krul

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Developing tools for digital radar image data evaluation. G. Domik & F. Leberl, J. Raggam

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 3 automatic Land cover. Proc. sensing applied SC. 1984; ESA L - 140 side-looking j 4: 631 - 637 cultural crops M. Veugen 1984. jeometric SEE Trans. )f tidal patterns igery of the sea. i Radar :orm Noordwijk ig. OE-7: 15-20 !. Attema 1982. :. Geosci. and etability - dimensions and Aerospace and •icultural area it observations :s; b. with 30 Developing tools for digital radar image data evaluation G.Domik & F.Leberl VEX CEL Corporation, Boulder, Colo., USA J.Raggam Research Center Graz, Austria Abstract: The refinement of radar image analysis methods has led to a need for a systems approach to radar image processing software. Developments stimulated through satellite radar are combined with; standard image processing techniques to create a user environment to manipulate and analyze airborne and satellite radar images. One aim is to create radar products for the user from the original data to enhance the ease of understanding the contents. The results are called secondary image products and derive from the original digital images. Another aim is to support interactive SAR image analysis. Software methods permit use of a digital height model to create ortho images, synthetic images, stereo-ortho images, radar maps or color combinations of different component products. Efforts are ongoing to integrate individual tools into a combined hardware/software environment for interactive radar image analysis. 1. INTRODUCTION Post processing of digital synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is usually meaningful. One reason is the unreliable geometry due to the kinematic nature of the imaging process and the effect of topography. Thus the radar image has to be rectified. Another reason is the complex interaction of terrain and microwaves as expressed in the gray tones of the individual SAR image pixels. What data and tools would be necessary to exploit the full content of digital radar images? One may think of adding information not contained in the image itself, e.g. map data, terrain slope or heights, to enhance the interpretability of the image for different applications. Height data might be used to give a general idea about the topography in form of a perspective view, an illuminated height model, or even better through a radar image simulation. Such presentations of a digital elevation model (DEM) can be combined with the radar image grey values or stand alone. After rectification other methods can be used to merge information with the image. Essential tools found necessary for processing of single and overlapping SAR images are set up of single images or stereo models, integration of topographic and thematic maps, simulation and rectification of radar images, general purpose image processing as well as archiving and retrieval routines, such as specific tape read programs and image organization. The following will discuss some essential SAR post-processing tools and their application. 2. WHICH TOOLS ARE NEEDED? Software can be divided into radar-specific and non-radar software. There is of course (a) General image processing. (j) Radar image rectification; (k) Slope-effect reduction; (l) Mosaicking; (m) Height extraction from stereo images; (n) Feature extraction from single and stereo images. The future should be open to the development of specific multi-sensor and time-series/monitoring concepts. 2.1 General Image Processing Obviously a full range of general purpose functions needs to include display and save functions; grey value enhancement; color coding in red, green and blue (RGB) or intensity, hue and saturation (IHS); rotation and mirroring; pixel edit functions; general purpose filters and edge operators; statistical processing; a graphics subset. 2.2 Archiving/Retrieval One needs tape read, write and test programs; must be able to produce hardcopies on film or on a printer (symbol overstriking, matrix printing); to manage logfiles; to generally organize, name, store, recall, window images. 2.3 DEM Manipulations It is useful to digitize points and linear features; have vector to raster conversion; be able to create axonometric and contour line plots, coordinate transformations; statistics; to illuminate the DEM; have functions to edit, rotate and mirror DEMs. The non-radar software includes mainly the handling of input and output data and is not specific to SAR-application. It may, however, not be available in general purpose image processing systems such as: (b) Archiving/Retrieval; (c) DEM manipulations. The radar software should include several specific capabilities such as (d) Ground control management; (e) Single image setup; (f) Stereo-viewing of SAR soft copies; (g) Stereo model setup; (h) Radar image simulation; (i) Stereo ortho image production; 2.4 Ground Control Management This is not specifically radar relevant. It permits one to enter map points into the computer, either from a keyboard or by manual digitizing. In addition one needs to name, edit, organize, store and retrieve the ground control data such as points (GCP). 2.5 Single Image Setup This represents functions to input available parameters of the sensor platform, and of the sensor itself. Examples include: flight recordings and processing parameters, GCPs have to be accepted and used for further calculations, e.g. a resection in space. One can relate a map to an image supporting this by automated map-to-image correspondence techniques. 2.6 Stereo-Viewing of SAR Soft Copy Images A digital stereo viewer commonly consists of a display or pair of displays presenting 2 image segments, and a pair of movable cursors. This needs to be complemented by software to maintain a parallax-free stereo impression.

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