Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 3 Spectral signatures of objects. Chairman: G. Guyot, Liaison: N. J. J. Bunnik

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Assessment of soil properties from spectral data. G. Venkatachalam & V. K. R. Jeyasingh

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

341 s present MSS data, ating of this of high Mapper (TM) and 1 supply data the other hand the handling ed by most centralized d national te sensing the Indonesian such a f remote fferent and 1 use of remote fits of a he capability that multi d. Such a om imagery of realising these studies are findings and such a multi ted equatorial oring of of Indonesia, ress. atistical oducts Tanaman mesian Case in Indonesia, a md its lerkeley. .ng for Crop Jakarta. ig for Evaluation Sumatra. îe remote Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 Assessment of soil properties from spectral data G.Venkatachalam & V.K.R.Jeyasingh Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay ABSTRACT: Application of computer aided analysis of Landsat data to the finer levels of identifying soil character istics, such as grain size, is beset with difficulties because of the poor resolution of the Landsat data. The difficulty is essentially due the low correlation between grain sizes of soils and their reflectance values which precludes predic tion of grain sizes from reflectance to a satisfactory degree. Hence, an attempt has been made in this study to evolve mathematical models which give better correlations between the gradation of soils and their spectral reflectance chara cteristics. The first model is in the form of a linear relationship between the grain sizes and the third Principal Components of the reflectance data. A second model with a higher predictive ability has also been suggested based on the concept of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Principal Components. Further, using non-linear optimization techniques, a third model having a very high correlation has also been evolved. These models were based on a group of soil samples, colle cted from different parts of India. The model obtained through optimization was found to have the best predictive ability. Therefore, the optimization technique has been extended to a larger sample group of fourteen different soils. The accuracy of the model so evolved has been tested statistically and the model applied successfully to predict grain sizes of a few soils collected from certain other parts of the country. This study will help in the application of Landsat data for estimating grain size characteristics of soils, if their responses in the four bandpasses are known. 1. INTRODUCTION Spectral reflectance characteristics of soils vary broadly due to many factors such as colour, mineral content, covertype, moisture content, texture or grain size, type of parent rock and land-forms. Multispectral sca nner (MSS) data collected from space-borne platforms have been successfully used in exploration for dema rcation of land-forms, soils and rock types on a broad basis. But, studies related to soil characteristics such as grain size are limited because of the poor resolution of the MSS data. A good amount of research work has been reported in estimating soil texture in terms of sand, silt and clay fractions using microwave remote sensing. Lab oratory studies by Gerberman (1979) showed the exis tence of a definite linear relationship between sand levels and their reflectances in the visible and near infra-red regions, in a mixture of sand and clay. MSS data in the visible and near infra-red regions could not be effectvely used to study the variations in soil texture and other characteristics because of their poor correlations. Since a number of orbiting platforms are routinely collecting information in the visible and near infra-red regions, it is worthwhile to evolve a method to use this information to study the soil charac teristics. Hence the present investigation has been taken up with an objective of evolving a relation- ship between the grain size characteristics of naturally available surface soils and their reflectance values measured in the laboratory in the visible and near infra-red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMR) by siutable transformation techniques. their relfectance values corresponding to the four bands of the Landsat data. 3. Analysis of the data to evolve a reliable model by suitable transformation techniques to predict the grain size characteristics of soils. 4. Testing the model to find the accuracy of predic tion. 2.1 Experimental setup A Cema sungun with an operating temperature of 3 50 0 degrees Kelvin was used as a light source. An Exotech model 100-A Landsat ground truth radio meter was used as a sensor. It observes the reflectance in four bands corresponding to Landsat except for band- 7, where the range is 0.8 to 1.0 micron. A barium sulphate coated plate was used as a standard reference surface. It was assumed to have 100 percent reflectance and specular in nature. 2.2 Experimental investigations Initially, five types of soils from two different states in India, with ten samples for each type, have been used for reflectance measurements in the laboratory under oven dry conditons. The average reflectance values of these samples are given in Table 1. For these five soils the grain size characteristics were also deter mined. These data have been used for arriving at the three models stated above. In the second phase, similar experiments have been carried out on a larger group of 14 soils representative of a variety of Indian soils. 2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY The present investigation has been carried out in the following four stages: 1. Formulation of an experimental setup in the lab oratory where observations could be taken under contr olled conditions. 2. Collection of soil samples and measurement of 2.3 Statistical analysis The primary objective of the statistical analysis was to transform the original reflectance data with a view to improve the correlation between the grain sizes and their transformed reflectance values. The well known Principal Component transformation has been used. The four band data have been transformed

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