Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 4 Renewable resources in rural areas: Vegetation, forestry, agriculture, soil survey, land and water use. Chairman: J. Besenicar, Liaisons: M. Molenaar, Th. A. de Boer

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Land use along the Tana River, Kenya - A study with small format aerial photography and microlight aircraft. R. Beck, S. W. Taiti, D. C. P. Thalen

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

377 Microlight aerial surveys land utili- 1 changes in Lts can be :y and des- utilization which this testing of ; inventory id inacces- miques was study. The re analysis field sam- ; constraint information during the ising micro- and oblique lse in the md existing resents some Lon types in river and of ie riverine itterns bind imate, the rapacity of situation, variability ind utiliza- rrent cases. demonstra- Low a tho- ition types, after the leralisation rpes, with a id use and 1 types is : fieldwork literature, graphs. The lich obser- ?asons, du- The tec- :t were the ;tation and rraft as a photography photography albeit in urination has additional i as policy ilation and igy, soils, /ity. Howe- vays provide ie national ir riverine r District, list ribution Figure 2. Tana River courses as derived from Landsat imagery and topographical maps. of settlements, nor is a breakdown presented for ethnic groups which claim different identity from the Pokomo, Orma and Somali, which are recognized in the census. Existing aerial photo coverage consists of different sets of photographs of different scales, years and seasons, neither of which provides a full coverage of the study area. Even the largest scale photography (scale 1 : 20,000) provides too little detail to enable a satisfactory interpretation of the traditio nal land use patterns, given the limited contrast between natural and man-made features, such as agri cultural fields or shamba's and settlements. No spaceborne earth observation missions have as yet been able to produce good coverage of the southern part of the study area, due to a persistent cloud cover. Landsat imagery does however provide good insight in the different broad geographic zones in the study area. From this Landsat imagery, changes in the braiding and meandering river course could well be observed and mapped. This provides information on the (horizontal) dynamics of the river in the diffe rent zones (see figure 2). In general it can be concluded that very little information exists in literature on the inhabitants of the riverine zone and their use of these lands. The existing information is at least not specific enough to provide more than a very general impression of the area as a whole, while detailed information is available of the implemented, planned or abandoned irrigation schemes in the area, such as the large scale schemes of Bura, Hola and Tana Delta, and the smaller schemes, often at village level, at 8 loca tions along the river. 2.3 The riverine belt is a vast and rather inaccesible terrain, due to the presence of forests, thickets, swamps and inundations. When data collection had to be based on ground based observations only, a manpo wer and time consuming fieldwork would have to be undertaken which required a budget far beyond the budget of the study. When also the fact is taken into account that the existing aerial photography provided no satisfactory information on land use and the dyna mics therein (seasons, inundations, etc.), it is clear that new ways and means had to be found to collect the required data. Aerial photography forms a powerful tool in such an inventory, so various alternatives to produce this photography have been contemplated. The requirements for aerial photography in this exer cise can be summarized as: - data have to be collected in various seasons - data have to be collected at low waterlevels as well as during floods, which on many locations last shorter than two days - besides some indication of scale no metric accuracy is required for the photography - the data had to contain information so detailed as to enable an interpretation of crops, settlements, etc. These requirements lead to the conclusion that an aircraft and crew should be on standby in the study area to produce the required aerial photography, during several periods, totalling about three months. This makes the exercise extremely costly when normal aerial survey aircraft equiped with photogrammetric 23 cm camera's would be used. Small format aerial photography (35 mm or 70 mm negative format) is a technique well known in Kenya and several light aircraft based in Nairobi could be equipped for the purpose. However due to the remote ness of the study area and the required very flexible survey set-up in space and time, the use of one of these configurations still is too costly (especially through the long standby periods, and the on and off flying to the study area), where no aircraft services can be provided). Microlight aircraft are a new but rapid development in aviation. The characteristics that distinguish them from other aircraft are the low cost in pur chase, the relative simplicity of microlight flight and the fact that many types can be transported on top of a car or on a trailer, from which they can be assembled rapidly. When these aircraft aircraft are equipped with came ra's and flying instruments, they may have a poten tial as a surveying tool in this study, which is worth to study, given the attractive features of such a system in view of the study requirements: - the system can be operated by a teammember who has undergone a brief training on the aircraft - the system can be used where and when necessary and is at immediate disposition of the team - no airfields are required for landing and take-off: The many open spots, car tracks, lake shores, etc. permit a safe and also efficient operation, since the flying distance to a study area may be very short, but a very time consuming affair by road. 2.A Aircraft, camera and film The microlight used in this project is an Eagle 215B of American Aeolights Inc. with a Cuyuna single cyli nder 215CC two stroke engine. In Figure 3a the air craft is illustrated. The Eagle is a relatively old design in microlights. It is reputed as one of the safest designs. In compa-

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