Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 4 Renewable resources in rural areas: Vegetation, forestry, agriculture, soil survey, land and water use. Chairman: J. Besenicar, Liaisons: M. Molenaar, Th. A. de Boer

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Remote sensing methods of monitoring the anthropogenic activities in the forest. V. I. Sukhikh

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

522 volume determination by space photos do not exceed +1-5%, and mean square errors are within the range of +7-10%. The direction and location of cutovers, terms of their cut ting and contiguity, number of first cuttin gs in the quarter are determined by space photos practically correctly (Sukhikh, Apos tolov, Sinitsin et al.1979). The forest fund (forest raw materials ba ses) is allotted to logging enterprises. Du ring a long period of time they have to en sure the inexhaustive rational forest exploi tation. It can be reached only on condition of strictly fixed forest cutting by the vo lume and qualitative composition, barring of overcuts, and leaving the timber of low mar ketable structure (softwood, clearing tim ber, species damaged by diseases). However loggers proceeding from the present day si tuation make serious violations of the fo rest exploitation order. Space photographs (super-small-scale aeri al photos) make it possible to reveal all major violations in the forest exploitation order and to estimate their degree and con sequences. As a result of the analytical- measuring automatized in the interactive mo de interpretation of multitemporal space photos and the use of forest management ma terials data about the actual cutting volu me, species composition and productivity of both cut and reserved stands are obtained. These data allow to have a complete picture about the state of the development of the exploitational forest raw materials base fund, availability and qualitative composi- tipn of the remained forest raw materials resources. The use of large-scale aerial photography makes it possible to supplement the informa tion about the areas gone by cutting. On the basis of the analytical-measuring interpre tation of aerial photographs at scale 1:1000 - 1:2000 the following information is obtai ned: data about the availability of the not removed timber (merchantable, fireplace tim ber), specified data about undercut volumes including those disturbed by cutting, volu mes of the cut timber outside the cut boun daries, safe keeping of the young growth and undergrowth, safe keeping of seed curtains (bands) and separate trees-seeds, volume of the reserved for the summer period unbarked coniferous merchantable timber, quality of the cut cleaning from felling wastes, the degree of the soil cover disturbance. The conducted investigations data show that the mean-root-square error of the tim ber volume determination (with different vi olations) by large-scale aerial photographs does not exceed +10%. These materials are used for revelation of violations in forest exploitation and for the imposition of fines on loggers. In regions of intensive clear cuttings re forestation measures are planned and carried out, and reforestation processes are asses sed. In modem conditions the estimate of the reforestation tendencies on the taiga zone cutovers located on large territories is possible on the basis of interpreting space photos of high resolution (not lower than 20m) and selective large-scale (1:1000 - 1:2000) aerial photography. Space raultizonal (spectrozonal) photos al low to single out with high accuracy fresh cutovers and areas with the unsatisfactory regeneration (the probability of 0.83), and also areas with dominance in the regenerati on composition of deciduous species (the pro bability of 0.84). The dominance in the re generated mixed young growth of coniferous species is revealed worse because of the great height of deciduous trees (with the probaboloty of 0.64). Large-scale aerial photography helps to get more detailed data about the spatial di stribution and state of reforestation on cutovers. The preference is given to photo graphs obtained in spring, before blooming and grass development, as in this period co niferous species regeneration is revealed more reliably. By spectrozonal aerial photos the occurrence of coniferous species in co niferous-deciduous young growth is determi ned with the systematic error of +5-15% and the mean-root-square error of +10-20% (Zhi- rin & Sukhikh 1980). Space photos are successfully used in the assessment in the forest fund of the burned and windthrown areas, changes caused by con struction and forest drainage works, rock exploitation and other anthropogenic influ ences. The technical basis of the method is spectrozonal and multizonal photos obtained from 'Rosmos' AES and 'Saljut* LTOS with the ground resolution of 20-30m. Depending on the availability for the studied territory of forest inventory materials and space pho tos three variants of the work fulfilment are provided:the use of forest management materials and space photos, the use of mul- titemporal space ohotos, and the use of spa ce photos and aerial forest mensuration. As a result all main forest fund changes with the subdivision by types are plotted on the maps (with the probability of 0.8- 0.9), the volume of the burned, damaged or cut timber and the degree of the damage in flicted on the forest fund are determined, measures on the reduction of harmful effects on forest are worked out (Zhirin & Orlova 1985). Information from space allows not only to assess and map the forest fires consequences but also to reveal working forest fires, and to accomplish control over their dynamics. For this purpose information obtained from 'Meteor' AES and transmitted by cosmonauts from board the 'Saljut' LTOS is used. The conducted experiments show that cosmonauts spot fires practically correctly. They re veal not only large but also small fires. 44.47. of the spotted by cosmonauts forest fires had the area of less than 1 ha, 38.9% - from 1 to 10 ha, and 16.7% - more than 10 ha. The fire edge showing the fire deve lopment direction is seen from space. Forest fire coordinates are determined with the ac curacy of several tens of km (Ljakhov, Po pov & Sukhikh 1984). In the USSR forest-steppe, steppe and de sert regions securing stands in order to prevent soil erosion, and protect agricul tural lands and pastures from unfavourable natural effects have been and are still be ing created. However the result from secu ring stands is achieved on condition of the ir optimal distribution on the territory and keeping them in the necessary qualita tive state. That is why information about the location of securing stands, their pa rameters and state, and data about the ero sion processes dynamics and untierosion mea sures on the adjacent agricultural lands mapping of securing stands should preferab ly be carried out on the basis of combina tion of highly informative space materials interpretation and selective large-scale aircraft photography with ground works.

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