Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856472832

Title:: Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

Sub title:: [Workshop on "Environmental Modelling Using RS & GIS for Sustainable Development" ... on 11th March 1999]

Scope:: 82 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856472832

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: GROUNDWATER MODELLING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING GIS TECHNIQUES. Novaline Jacob, J. Saibaba and P. V. S. P. Prasada Raju

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

78 3.4 Groundwater Quantity Improvement Measures At places where the groundwater is over exploited some measures can be undertaken which would improve the groundwater conditions. 3.4.1 Water harvesting structures': Water harvesting structures like check dams, percolation tanks can be constructed across drainage networks so that rain water, instead of flowing as run-off would get collected and percolate underground. This would slowly increase the groundwater table and these structures would act as recharge structures. Suitable sites for construction of percolation tanks and check dam can be identified by performing spatial analysis in GIS by using site suitability criteria (Novaline et al, 1993). Various alternative sites can be obtained as a result of such an analysis and these alternatives can also be ranked as first best, second best and so on. 3.4.2 Change in cropping pattern: Emphasis on high water consuming paddy and wheat need to be shifted to growing cereals, requiring less water like maize etc. Land suitability for various crops which require less water can be analysed in GIS by finding out if a crop can grow under the terrain and weather conditions prevailing in that region. 3.4.3 Artificial recharge measures: Artificial recharge methods like spreading methods, injection methods, induced recharge methods, etc., can be introduced. For a particular area which of these methods are suitable can be analysed in GIS. At places where under exploitation is prevailing some developmental programs (for example change in crops which require more water and giving more returns) can be sorted out so that the full potential of groundwater resource is utilised without exceeding the safe limits. 4.0 MODELLING FOR GROUNDWATER QUALITY Historical geochemical data like EC, pH, SAR etc. of the water samples taken from bore/dug wells can be used to assess the suitability of water quality for agriculture/drinking water/industrial purpose based on standard specifications. Such an analysis can be attempted in GIS by assigning suitability ranking for different ranges of EC, pH, SAR, Fluorine, Fe, Cl etc., (Novaline et al., 1993). If the water quality is found to be unsuitable then the sources of contamination like point source, diffuse source or saline water intrusion etc., can be found out. If source of contamination is a point source, for example waste disposal site, site selection for future waste disposal sites can be identified by GIS analysis. If it is a diffuse source say, cultivated areas, then, changes in cultivation practice and nutrient supply can be adopted. Land suitability analysis for different crops which do not require or require less amount of harmful nutrients can be performed in GIS. 5.0 CONCLUSION The aim of groundwater management is to adjust landuse systems to the site properties, to maintain a high level of groundwater recharge without inducing an increase in erosion, acidification, leaching of chemicals and overland flow. Sustainable Groundwater Management System which is envisaged here considers both groundwater quantity and groundwater quality in terms of recharge of groundwater, extraction of groundwater within the safe limits, planning of crop rotation to reduce unproductive water consumption, crop production and environment effects of groundwater such as nitrate leaching etc. has to be based on a site specific management. GIS is an excellent tool to model such (site specific) spatial problems. This paper emphasises on the useful appli cation of GIS techniques in modelling the issues related to sustainable groundwater management problem. REFERENCES Novaline Jaga R.M., Sundaram A. and Natarajan T. (1993). Wasteland development using Geographic Information System techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 14. No. 17, pp. 3249-3257. Selige Th., Friedrich K., Vordeebrugge Th., Reinartz P. and Peter M. (1994). Groundwater management by monitoring water gathering areas using remote sensing and GIS. SPIE (The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers). Vol. 2314. pp. 292-299. Sharma R.K. (1987). A text book of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering. Dhanpat Rai and Sons, Delhi - 110006, pp. 569.

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