Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856472832

Title:: Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

Sub title:: [Workshop on "Environmental Modelling Using RS & GIS for Sustainable Development" ... on 11th March 1999]

Scope:: 82 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856472832

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: HYDROGEOMORPHIC CRITERIA IN GROUND WATER MODELLING. S. K. Subramanian

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

79 HYDROGEOMORPHIC CRITERIA IN GROUND WATER MODELLING S.K. Subramanian NRSA, Hyderbad INTRODUCTION Surface water and ground water are the two major components of the hydrologic system with different but interrelated geoenvironmental characteristics. Even though, many parameters are essential for identifying the potential and quality aspects, the geomorphology plays an important role in identification, classification and monitoring of the ground water resources. Conjunctive use of both surface and ground water resources in any hydrologic unit like watershed or a river basin, over a heterogeneous terrain, can lead to significant economic advantages. The optimal ground water development, on a sustainable basis, needs to have an integrated modelling approach where hydrogeo morphology plays a lead role. Based on the landform characteristic, the variation occurs both on surface and subsurface which can be measured on the field and by using remote sensing techniques. Even though the field measurements in exploration, exploitation and monitoring of water resources are more accurate, the time and cost involved is a question of debatable area. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a mechanism using indirect methods and evaluate the same in the field wherein an acceptable accuracy can be achieved. PARAMETERS INVOLVED The quantitative method in assessing the ground water resources depends on the following parameters viz. Geology and Soils covering the detailed study of geological formations on various litho units, structural features, aquifer geometry, hydrological characters of formation, soil type and their role, bore hole lithologs; Hydrometeorology on the assessment of weather cycle, climate, rainfall, évapotranspiration, relative humidity, soil moisture, wind velocity and climatic influences over water resources. Hydrogeological characters like aquifer types, flow patterns, water level fluctuation, deter mination of aquifer transmissivity, storativity, specific capacity of aquifer and the hydrogeomorphological aspects on the topography, drainage, slope aspects and gradient, hydrogeomorphic unit, hydrological significance of geomorphic features are important in ascertaining the quantitative potential of ground water. However, for assessing the quality, the hydrogeo chemical and hydrogeophysical characters of the aquifer are necessary. Remote Sensing technology with its recent developments in imaging sensors has got the capability to acquire timely and up to date data regarding the terrain conditions for extracting the information on ground water potential zones. This is mainly due to the fact that it can furnish information on multiple aspect of terrain like geomorphology, geology, physiography, vegetation cover, soils, drainage etc. Further relief, slope and aspects of various land forms play a dominant role in assessing the potential and to some extent quality of ground water. The morphometric data from remote sensing and field become vital information in ground water assessment models. Steps involved in Modelling of Ground Water A ground water model is a simplified represen tation of the actual geohydrological system. It has two components - first being the flow characteristics focusing on the recharge characteristics, fluctuation of water level due to draft, precipitation etc. which means the potential aspects alone. The second part deals with the chemical components, flow especially the pollutant transport in a medium. Different mathematical models are used to simulate the ground water condition keeping in view of the inter related parameters and to forecast the head, flow characteristics in former case and water quality changes that can occur under different types of stress imposed over a region in the latter case. Models can provide valuable directions in solving specific problems like - a) Estimation of recharge from canals, tanks, reservoir, field ponds etc. b) Monitoring the aquifer conditions for different rates of pumping c) Assessing the inter-relation network of wells d) Assessing the interaction between inter watershed boundary and their aquifer condition and their flow condition.

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