Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856472832

Title:: Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

Sub title:: [Workshop on "Environmental Modelling Using RS & GIS for Sustainable Development" ... on 11th March 1999]

Scope:: 82 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856472832

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: HYDROGEOMORPHIC CRITERIA IN GROUND WATER MODELLING. S. K. Subramanian

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

80 The process of mathematical modelling is comp osed of five steps viz. (i) formulation (ii) approximation/ transformation (iii) computation (iv) applications and (v) evaluation. Formulation refers to generation or selection of basic equation/algorithms governing the flow of ground water in the system with the domain specification and boundary conditions. Approximation relates to the selection of numerical method which can be used to solve the equations like finite difference, finite element and integrated finite difference, the equations normally used in ground water modelling. The complex step involved is computation which refers to the process of obtaining a solution to a large number of differential equations by way of using digital techniques with coding method. The application involves calibration or history matching of the observed and simulated heads, sensitivity analysis and prediction. Sensitivity tests are required to obtain how the model behaves in various extreme environments. The final step is evaluation of the model in the field condition. The results obtained in the field in different environments are to be evaluated by applying the model to arrive at the accuracy. Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Ground Water Modelling At present traditional methods i.e. field mapping, surveying, soil profile analysis, pump test, yield estimation etc. are used to derive realistic parameter ization of the distributed heterogeneity. However, these methods have obvious deficiencies. They provide detailed “on point” information; but the regionalization of such point information and measurements describing their representativeness is still a question mark. By introducing the temporal analysis, potential of high resolution, sun synchronous earth observation satellite data with the powerful spatial analysis available from a Geographic Information System (GIS), it is possible to achieve Vegetation-Soil-Topography interface which is in turn related to landform charac teristics. This type of integration of Earth Observation data and GIS will overcome the present deficiencies to a greater extent and will provide a toolset for improved watershed or catchment model parameterization. Improper land and water management leads to environmental problems especially in the field of agriculture and forestry which are primarily related to the hydrological transport dynamics of stream catchments; management of water resources for a given watershed or river basin. Such environmental problems, can be differentiated into floods, land degradation and water pollution. They can only be dealt with through an integrated system approach consisting of Remote Sensing, GIS, processing and modelling techniques. Hydrogeomorphology plays an important role in ground water modelling especially on the data derived from remote sensing techniques. The following method will be useful in inputting the information for ground water modelling. CLASSIFICATION The physiographic properties on watershed basis can be improved with multitemporal, multi spectral and multi resolution data for maximum classification accuracy. IDENTIFICATION AND DELINEATION By means of GIS overlay analysis of geology, geomorphology, structure, physiography, climate, slope, drainage, soils and land use information, the hydro- logical response units, erosion response units can be identified. Further the grid cell analysis within GIS will reveal a detailed insight as connectivity, surface and ground water potential on intra and inter watershed basis. Parameterizing The utility of any model depends on the end user requirement, the social factors and economic parameters and variables by means of GIS analysis using attribute tables within the GIS data base. Validation The acceptability of the model depends on the accuracy with respect to reality and cost benefit factors. The parameterization by cost benefit analysis in terms of number of area depending on the activity and validation of parameters against both field data and empirical methods. It is to remember that use of remote sensing techniques can not serve as ‘stand alone’ method but it is definitely a powerful toolset and integrated to those already existing in water resources modelling, develop ment and management.

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