The illustrated Chambers's Encyclopaedia: Beaugency to Cataract

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856473650

Author:: Baltsavias, Emmanuel P.

Title:: Fusion of sensor data, knowledge sources and algorithms for extraction and classification of topographic objects

Sub title:: Joint ISPRS/EARSeL Workshop ; 3 - 4 June 1999, Valladolid, Spain

Scope:: III, 209 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856473650

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Cover

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Cover

196 BLACK BLACK ASSIZE colours in water-colour painting. The above pig- ments are, of course, prepared either w1L_h ()1'1 or gum, according as they are to be used in oil or water-colour work.—Indian Ink (q.v.) is a black prepared from a vegetable carbon, and so far resembles lamp-black, but it is not very suitable for mixing with other colours. For black dyes, see DYEING. Black, Apam, publisher, was born in Edin- burgh, 20th February 1784, and, trained as a book- seller there and for two years in London, he with a nephew established the Edinburgh business of Adam and Charles Black. The two enterprises which, above all else, gave position, fortune, and success to the firm, were the purchase of the copy- right of the Encyclopeedia Britannica in 1827 {Lftﬂ' Constable’s failure ; and that of Scott’s novels from Cadell’s representatives in 1851 for £27,000. A seventh and eighth edition of the Britannica was issued during Black’s business connection with the firm, while Scott’s novels had a large and steady sale. Black was long a prominent and useful citizen of Edinburgh; was twice Lord Provost; and was Liberal M. P. for Edinburgh (1856-65). He died 24th January 1874. A statue was erected in Edinburgh in recognition of his services in 1877. See Memoirs by Nicolson (1885). Black, Joux, journalist, was born near Duns, Berwickshire, in 1783. Left an orphan ere he had reached his twelfth year, Black, after filling posts in the offices of a Duns writer and an Edinburgh accountant, in 1810 went up to London, and was engaged as a parliamentary reporter for the Morning Chronicle, of which from 1817 he assumed the editor- ship. Under him the paper was celebrated for its independence and fearless advocacy of progress—a fearlessness which led to his duel with Roebuck in 1835. Charles Dickens was one of his reporters and contributors, and James Mill helped him with almost daily advice. John Stuart Mill has de- scribed him as ‘the first journalist who carried criticism and the spirit of reform into the details of English institutions.” He retired from the editorship in 1843 ; an annuity of £150 a year was bought for him by his friends ; and, until his death on 15th June 1855, he lived in a pleasant cottage at Snodland, near Maidstone. Black was author of a Life of Tasso (1810), and the translator of works from the German, French, and Italian. Black, JosEPH, an eminent chemist, was born in 1728, at Bordeaux, where his father was engaged in the wine-trade. Both his parents were of Scotch descent, but natives of Belfast, to which city their son was sent for his education in 1740. In 1746 he entered the university of Glasgow, and studied chem- istry under Dr Cullen. In 1751 he went to Edin- burgh to complete his medical course, and in 1754 took his degree. In his famous graduation thesis (1756) he showed that the causticity of lime and the alkalies is due to the absence of the carbonic acid present in limestone and in what are now called the carbonates of the alkalies. To this he gave the name ‘fixed air,” which gave way before that of ¢carbonic acid,’ first used by Lavoisier in 1784. The book was a dis- tinet contribution to chemical science, and by Brougham and Robison is {)laced second only to | for scientific investi- | Newton’s Optics as a mode gation. Black pointed out the path afterwards followed by Cavendish, Priestley, and Lavoisier. On the removal of Cullen in 1756 to Edinburgh, Black succeeded him as professor of Anatomy and Chemistry in Glasgow, but soon after exchanged duties with the professor of the Institutes of Medicine, and lectured on the subject for ten years, practising the while as a busy physician, yet finding time for original investigation. Between 1756 and 1761 lu_t (w({]vm'l that theory of “latent heat’ on which his scientific fame chief rests, and which formed the immediate prelimi to the next great stride in discovery by his pupil and assistant, James Watt. In JT(}(}uhebsucceedled Cullen in the chair of Medicine and Chemistry in Edinburgh, and henceforward he devoted himsels chiefly to the elaboration of his lectures, in \\’l’iich he aimed at the utmost degree of perspicuity, and with perfect success. !lls class became one of the most popular in the university ; it occasioned, hoy- ever, some disappointment that one so capable of enlarging its territory made no further contriby. tions to chemistry. Though of an extremely del;. cate constitution, he prolonged his life, by care and temperance, to the age of seventy-one. He died op December 6, 1799. His lectures were published in 1803 (2 vols. Edin.), edited by Professor Robison, Black, WILLIAM, novelist, was born in 184] in Glasgow, where he received his education, and studied art at a government school with the viey of becoming a landscape-painter. Instead, hoy- ever, he adopted journalism, having written for the Glasgow ”'H'/t/.// Citizen ]n'im' to his removal to London in 1864. During the Prusso-Austrian war of 1866 he was employed as special war correspond- ent on the staff of the Morning Star ; and in a novel, Love or Marriage (1868), he utilised some of his experiences. In Silk Attire (1869) and Kil- meny (1870) proved more successful than the pre- vious work ; but it was 4 Daughter of Heth (1871) that established his reputation with the novel- reading public. 7he Strange Adventures of a Phaeton (1872) is founded on an actual driving excursion between London and Edinburgh. 4 Princess of Thule (1873) is the best perhaps of all his many romances, with its vivid transcripts of Hebridean scenery, its quaint Gaelic-English, above all, its exquisite heroine. Among its successors are : Three Feathers (1875) ; Madecap Violet (1876); Green Pastures and Piccadilly (1877); Macleod of Dare (1878); White Wings (1880) ; Sunrise, a Story of these Times (1880) ; Shandon Bells (1882); Yolande (1883)3 Judith Shakespeare (1884), with Shake- speare himself for one of the characters; White Heather (1886); Sabina Zembra (1887); In Far Tochaber and The Strange Adventures of a House Boat (1888); The Penance of John Logan (1889); New Prince Fortunatus (189C) ; Stand Fast, Craig Royston (1890); Wolfenberg (1892); Handsome Humes (1893); Highland Cousins (1894); Briseis (1896 ); Wild Eelin (1898). Assistant-editor for five years of the Daily News, Mr Black in 1874 aban- doned journalism. He died 10th December 1893. Black Acts are a collection of the acts of the Scottish parliament from 1424 to 1594, so called because printed in Black-letter (q.v.). The name was also given to an act of George I. (1723) affect- ing poachers who disguised their faces in black for the purpose of committing ' nary outrages (referred to in White’s Natural History of Selborne). Black Art. See MAgIc. Black Assize, the popular name commemo- rative of an extraordinary and fatal pestilence which broke out at Oxford at the close of the assizes, July 6, 1577. It was popularly inter- preted as a divine judgment on the cruelty of a sentence passed by the court. From the 6th of July to the 12th of August, 300 persons in Oxford and the neighbourhood are said to have died of this terrible malady, among whom were the chief officials who sat on the assize, most of the jury, and many members of the university. ‘Women, poor people, physicians, visitors, and children aré said to have escaped the infection. A similar event is recorded as having taken place at Cambridge ab the Lent Assizes in 1521.

Access restriction

Copyright

fullscreen: Beaugency to Cataract (Vol. 2)

Monograph

Cover

Table of contents

Cite and reuse

Volume

Section

Image

Image fragment

Citation links

Citation recommendation