Special UNISPACE III volume

Marsteller, Deborah

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856485039

Author:: Marsteller, Deborah

Title:: Special UNISPACE III volume

Sub title:: including: ISPRS Workshop on "Resource Mapping from Space", ISPRS-EARSeL Workshop on "Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters", ISPRS-NASA Seminar on "Environment and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development", July 1999, Vienna, Austria

Scope:: IV, 170 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856485039

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: ISPRS/EARSeL Workshop on "Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters"

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES AND SENSITIVE AQUIFERS. Vern Singhroy

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII Part 7C2, UNISPACE III. Vienna, 1999 114 I5PR5 V®y UNISPACE III - ISPRS/EARSeL Workshop on “Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters” 2:30-5:30 pm, 22 July 1999, VIC Room B Vienna, Austria EARSeL REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES AND SENSITIVE AQUIFERS Vem Singhroy Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Ottawa, Canada vem, singhroy@ccrs. nrcan. gc. ca KEY WORDS: Hazardous wastes, mine tailings, hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing, environmental restoration, groundwater pollution. Abstract The deleterious effect of environmental pollution is a major international problem. Developing cost-effective techniques to monitor, clean up and restore these polluted areas are also of major concern. In North America alone, over 100000 abandon mining sites, containing hazardous wastes, need to be restored. Several operational geomatic techniques are now being used for mapping polluted areas and for monitoring the clean up and restoration activities. These techniques are also constantly being revised with the availability of higher spatial and spectral resolutions of new remote sensing systems. In this paper, we provide examples using airborne and satellite multispectral images to monitor restoration activities at mining sites, as well as mapping features for groundwater protection. INTRODUCTION The deleterious effects of hazardous waste is an international problem. In Canada and the United States alone, over 100,000 abandoned mine sites containing hazardous wastes need to be restored. In Central Germany also retoration of mining areas is now a priority. In these cases, acid mine drainage from mine waste are polluting the groundwater and are damaging nearby- vegetation. Several remote sensing techniques have been used to monitor the effects of hazardous wastes and environmental pollution on land. Tins paper provides three representative case studies to demonstrate some current remote sensing techniques. Tire sensors used include airborne and spacebome multispectral images, AVRIS and aerial video (Mussokowski, 1983, 1993, Singhroy and Kruse, 1991, Repie et al 1991, King, 1993, and Singhroy 1995, Singhroy et.al. 1989). Recently, McCubbin and Lang 1999 applied AVIRIS data to map different mineral classes that are associated with mine generated acid waste. Figure 1 shows general operating system for monitoring environmental restoration in mining areas (Gleisser et. al 1999). In this paper we provide examples on: • the uses of multitemporal satellite and airborne hyperspectral techniques to monitor environmental restoration caused by sulfur dioxide fumigation and the acid mine drainage in the Sudbury mining district in Canada. • the use of airborne multispectral and field tecliniques to characterize acid lakes in central Germany. • The use of data fusion tecliniques to produce image maps for the protection of sensitive groundwater areas in Jordan. Monitoring Environmental Restoration, Sudbury, Canada. This case study discusses the uses of TM and airborne hyperspectral images from the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (casi) to monitor revegetation programs related to mining. Multitemporal TM images were used to monitor large areas, and casi images were used to monitor smaller sites, where more detail information is required. The Sudbury mining district is one of the world largest metals smelting complexes, Canada richest mining areas and a well- known polluted region. Mining and processing of nickel and copper has started 100 years ago. As a result, soil and vegetation were lost from tens of thousand of hectares of land surrounding the smelters. The environmental damage is the result of sulfur dioxide fumigation, and airborne deposition from the mining smelters intense logging, wild fires, water and wind erosion, and enhanced frost action (Winterhalder 1984). The damaged area surrounding Sudbury is large enough to be detected and monitored by TM images . TM images from June 1984 and 1995 were used to monitor the revegetation programs in the damaged areas. The two TM scenes were enhanced and then classified to measure vegetation change over the period 1984-1995. Figure 2 shows that the areas covered by mine tailings (red areas). Over the eleven-year period, forty percent of the damage vegetation lias been restored, because of successful revegetation programs, combined with the reduction of sulfur dioxide emission from the smelters. Since 1979, over 2 million trees and shrubs have been planted in a 3000 ha area of limed soil occupied by grassland and open birch woodland (Beckett et. al. 1995). Figure 2 shows the use of high-resolution (3m) casi images for site characterization and restoration of the tailings areas. The casi images was used to monitor revegetation success and to detect areas affected by acid mine drainage and seeps, ponding, surface erosion and exposed and vegetated tailings. Casi is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer with sensitivity in the visible and near infrared (430-870nm) portion of the spectrum (Anger et al 1990, Babey and Anger, 1989). CASI operates in both a spectral and spatial mode. In the spatial mode, the sensor records up to 15 programmable bands, each having a bandwidth of 1.8 nm. The spectral mode maintains full spectral resolution of 288 bands, encompassing the entire wavelength range of 430 to 870 nm.

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