Special UNISPACE III volume

Marsteller, Deborah

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856485039

Author:: Marsteller, Deborah

Title:: Special UNISPACE III volume

Sub title:: including: ISPRS Workshop on "Resource Mapping from Space", ISPRS-EARSeL Workshop on "Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters", ISPRS-NASA Seminar on "Environment and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development", July 1999, Vienna, Austria

Scope:: IV, 170 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856485039

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: ISPRS Workshop on "Resource Mapping from Space"

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND REMOTE SENSING. D. P. Rao

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

International Archives of Photogrammetiy and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII Part 7C2, UNISPACE III, Vienna. 1999 33 I5PR5 vgsv UNISPACE in - ISPRS Workshop on “Resource Mapping from Space” 9:00 am -12:00 pm, 22 July 1999, VIC Room B Vienna, Austria I5PR5 delineation of lithological boundaries - an important element in soil resources mapping. Apart from superv ised classification of digital multispectral data, new classification algorithms like fuzzy logic, artificial neural network, etc. have been developed which help refining the information generated on natural resources using Gaussian maximum likelihood per-pixel classifier. Further, using advanced image fusion techniques like Intensity, Hue and Saturation (IHS) transformation, further refinement in the information on natural resources could be made. Similarly, for monitoring changes that have taken place in natural resources either due to developmental programs or land degradation, image differencing and principal component analysis have been successfully used for objective assessment of such clianges. Hitherto, only optical sensor data with a few broad spectral bands have been used to generate base line information on natural resources. The hvper-spectral remote sensing with a potential to provide diagnostic capability of some natural features like minerals, vegetation, etc. will help refining the information generated on natural resources. Imaging the terrain in the presence of smoke, haze and cloud cover lias been the major limitation of the optical sensor data. The microwave data with day-and-night observation; and cloud/haze/smoke penetration capability hold very good promise for generating information on crop coverage, floods, etc. during monsoon season. The polarimetric images generated from microwave energy with different polarization provide further insight into structure and flourishes of vegetation, soil properties and parent material (Skidmore et al. 1997). Further, radar interferometry is yet another tool that enables generating DEM which allows monitoring glaciers, volcanic eruption, mine subsidence, mud slips, etc. Integration of information on natural resources, socio-economic and climatic conditions and other related ancillary' information in a holistic manner for prescribing locale-specific intervention for a given area is very crucial. Geographic Information System (GIS) along with tire measurements made with Global Positioning System(GPS) digital photogrammetiy. offers the capability of integrating spatial and attribute data and subsequent generation of action plan/developmental plan for sustainable development. 8. INDIAN EXPERIENCE Having realized the importance of integrated approach for sustainable development, the Department of Space, Government of India in collaboration with the State Governments had initiated pilot studies in 21 districts covering 203,000 sq. km. and representing diverse terrain, agro-climatic conditions and social and cultural practices apart from very often affected by drought, in the year 1987, to find scientific and lasting solution to mitigate drought following the unprecedented drought in many parts of the country during the period 1985-87. Based on encouraging results of the pilot projects, such study was extended to another 153 districts covering 549,496 sq. km. and spread over in 25 states at the instance of Planning Commission, Govt, of India - the highest policy decision making body, under a national project titled "Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD)". For ease of implementation of the action plan in phased manner in these selected districts, initially it was decided to identify a priority block in each district for the study. (A block is an administrative unit covering an area ranging from 1000-1500 sq. Kin.). Subsequently, 80 blocks spread over in 80 districts covering 85,339 sq. km. have been selected on a priority- basis for taking up such study. 8.1 Data Base For generating information on land and water resources, IRS- 1A/1B LISS-II data in the form of False Colour Composite (FCC) prints at 1:50,000 scale and digital data (Computer Compatible Tapes) have been used in conjunction with ancillaiy information, namely published reports, thematic maps, etc. and adequate field check. Information on slope lias been derived from 1:50,000 scale Survey of India topographical maps. For appreciation of climate of the area, meteorological data available with the India Meteorological Department/respective district or taluk (an administrative unit) headquarters have been made use of. Besides, information on demographic and socio-economic conditions has been taken from the published records by the concerned departments. 8.2 Approach The holistic approach essentially involves generation of thematic maps on land and water resources and their integration with the socio-economic data to arrive at locale-specific prescription for land and water resources development (Fig.l). Various steps involved are described hereunder: 8.2.1 Generation of Thematic Maps Thematic maps on hydro -geomorphological condition, soil resources and present land use/land cover have been generated through systematic visual interpretation and/digital analysis of IRS-IA/B LISS-H multispectral data (with 36.25m resolution) in conjunction with the collateral information supported by adequate field check. The information derived on lithology and geomorphology of the area along with the structural features and recharge conditions was used to infer ground water potential of each geomorphic unit. Soil resources map of the area have been prepared by delineating sub-divisions w'ithin each geomorphic units based on erosion status, land use/land cover and image elements, namely colour, texture, shape, pattern, association, etc. Soil composition of each geomorphic unit was defined by studying typical soil profiles in the field and classifying them up to series level according to Soil Taxonomy (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1998) based on morphological characteristics and chemical analyses data. In addition, derivative maps, namely land capability and land irrigability maps were generated based

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