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International cooperation and technology transfer

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fullscreen: International cooperation and technology transfer

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856489328

Author:: Mussio, Luigi

Title:: International cooperation and technology transfer

Sub title:: Parma, Italy, February 15 - 19, 1999, Bandung, Indonesia, April 13 - 14, 1999, Cotonou, Benin, December 6 - 10, 1999 ; proceedings of the workshops

Scope:: XXX, 398 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856489328

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: EXPERIENCES OF VIRTUAL REALITY. G. Fangi, G. Gagliardini.

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

International cooperation and technology transfer
Cover
ColorChart
Title page
FOREWORD.
Table of Contents.
Compte-rendu of the WG VI/3. Mariano Cunietti Memorial Meeting in Parma. Mojca Kosmatin Fras, WG VI/3 Co - chairperson.
Compte - Rendu of the ISPRS WG VI/3. High Level Tutorial in Bandung. Fahmi Amhar, Tutorial Chairperson.
Compte-rendu of the Wg VI/3. Luigi Solaini 10th Anniversary. Memorial Meeting in Cotonou. Luigi Mussio, WG VI/3 Chairperson.
Opening.
Closure.
Welcome addresses.
Opening.
Closure.
PADUA, BAHIA BLANCA, PERUGIA, PARMA, BANDUNG AND COTONOU, MEETING - LIST OF PARTICIPANTS.
ISPRS WG VI/3 - LIST OF CORRESPONDENTS.
VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) APPLIED TO ENVIRONMENT REPRESENTATIONS: SOME EXAMPLES AT UNIVERSITY OF PADUA (ITALY). V. Achilli, F. Barison, A. Vettore.
SURVEYING METHODOLOGIES IN THE PHLEGREAN VOLCANIC DISTRICT (NAPLES - ITALY). Achilli V., Borgstrom S., Capone M., Del Gaudio C., De Martino P., Klees R., Ricciardi G. P., Ricco C., Sepe V., Usai S., Vettore A.
Integration of GPS and Conventional Surveying For Positioning of The Mobile Phone Antennae in A Local System. Al-Bayari O., Barbarella M., Fazio C..
The Spacewise Approach to the Data Treatment for the SAGE Mission Project. A. Albertella, F. Migliaccio, F. Sansó.
DATA AND METADATA A NEW CONCEPT IN ARCHIVING ARCHITECTURAL DATA. Elena ALBERY, Fulvio RINAUDO.
NOTES ABOUT TOPOGRAPHIC AND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEYING FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE DOME BEARING VERTICAL WALLS IN S. MARIA DEL FIORE CATHEDRAL OF FLORENCE. P. Aminti, I. Chiaverini, D. Ostuni.
NEW SURVEY OF MORIMONDO ABBEY. Bruno Astori, Luca Rinaldi, Grazia Tucci.
SARNO (ITALY) LANDSLIDES: DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES OF DATA ACQUISITION. M. Barbarella, M. Fiani.
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND LASER RANGE CAMERA FOR PHYSIC MODEL GEOMETRY DETERMINATION. M. Barbarella, A. Vettore.
SAMPLING AND VARIANCE ANALYSIS IN REGGIO CALABRIA. Vincenzo Barrile and Rossella Nocera.
GEOID ESTIMATION THROUGH GPS OBSERVATIONS. R. Barzaghi, A. Borghi.
DATA PROCESSING VERSUS GEOMATICS. T. Bellone, L. Mussio, C. Nardinocchi.
PERTINENCE DE L'OFFRE DE FORMATION DU GDTA A' L'INTERNATIONAL. Jean-Luc BESSIS.
THE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRICAL EXPERIENCES IN GREECE AND MIDDLE ASIA. Giorgio Bezoari.
PROCEDURES OPTIMISATION IN THE QUALITY SYSTEM. G. Bezoari, F. Guzzetti.
CARTOGRAPHY FOR TOWN PLANNING. Giorgio Bezoari, Attilio Selvini.
INDEXING TREE METHODS AND SPATIAL ORDERING FOR MAPS AND GEOGRAPHIC DATA: AN OVERVIEW AND APPLICATION TO THE GEODETIC GIS PROJECT. L. Biagi, M. A. Brovelli, M. Negretti and C. Saldarini.
GIS/WEB DESIGN FOR INTERNET/INTRANET DATA SHARING. Piero BOCCARDO, Giuliano COMOGLIO, Nadia CORGIAT LOIA.
SURFACE SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY: DIGITAL AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES. Raffaella BOLOGNA, Maurizio MINCHILLI.
VERY LARGE SCALE MAPPING OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN CERVETERI (ITALY): DATA COLLECTION FROM DIGITAL AUTOMATIC D.T.M., ORTHOPROJECTION AND ANALYTICAL STEREOPLOTTING. Raffaella BOLOGNA, Maurizio MINCHILLI.
DES COMPOSANTS LOGICIELS GEOGRAPHIQUES POUR ELARGIR ET DEMOCRATISER L'ACCES A LA TECHNOLOGIE ETA L’INFORMATION GEOGRAPHIQUE. SPATIAL SOFTWARE COMPONENTS FOR WIDENING AND DEMOCRATIZING ACCESS TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY. Patrice BOURSIER, Michel EBOUEYA, Arunas STOCKUS, Alain BOUJU, Frédéric BERTRAND.
VALIDATION OF AN ANCIENT PERSPECTIVE IN LECCO (ITALY). PIETRO BROGLIA, EVA SAVINA MALINVERNI, LUIGI MUSSIO.
THE USE OF SPATIAL-ORIENTED DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS) FOR ITALGEO GEOID MANAGEMENT BY GIS. M. A. Brovelli, F. Migliaccio and V. Tornatore.
COMPARISON BETWEEN PHOTOGRAMMETRICAL SURVEYS OF THE ST.STEFANO CHURCH'S CLOISTER IN BOLOGNA AND METRICS EVALUATIONS OF THE OPERATIONS OF RESTORATION. A. Capra, S. Gandolfi, G. Lombardi, A. Zanutta.
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS IN DIGITAL IMAGES PLOTTING. M. Caprioli, P. De Fazio.
GVM - GAC PROCESSING CHAIN : A REMOTE SENSING TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS AT CONTINENTAL LEVEL. C. Carmona-Moreno, M. Turchini, M. F. Cruz Martinez, J. Baron, J. Lopez Raya José, A. Moreno Ruiz.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER GAIA: global astrometry from space at 10 [...] level. D. Cardio, B. Bucciarelli, M. Gai, M. G. Lattanzi and S. Cesare.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A LEVELLING NETWORK FOR THE MONITORING OF POSSIBLE VERTICAL MOVEMENTS IN THE AREA OF PISA - SAN GIULIANO TERME PONTASSERCHIO-MIGLIARINO PISANO (ITALY). G. Caroti, E. Mengali, A. Rossi, C. Scalese.
ESTIMATING MEASUREMENT PRECISION BY MEANS OF MEASUREMENT DIFFERENCES. V. Casella.
AUTOMATIC FOREST AREA RECOGNITION USING GIS IMAGE ANALYSIS CAPABILITY. Marco Ciolli, Paolo Zatelli.
NEW APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF SNOWPACK ESTENSION VIA REMOTE SENSING. Alessandra Colombo, Giovanmaria Leoni.
CULTURAL HERITAGE WEB SITES: THE SUPPORT OF GEOMATICS. Luigi Colombo.
A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING 3D SHAPES MOTION BY A FREQUENCY DOMAIN TECHNIQUE. G. M. Cortelazzo, A. Guamieri, A. Vettore.
LA FORMATION AU C.R.T.O. A. Coulibaly.
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE VARIANCE-COVARIANCE ESTIMATION OF GPS BASELINE VECTORS. N. Crocetto, M. Gatti, C. Materazzo, L. Toscano.
INTERFEROMETRIC SAR CALIBRATION. M. Crosetto, B. Crippa.
OPTIMISATION DES DATES D'ACQUISITION DES IMAGES TELEDECTION EN ZONE SOUDANO-GUINEENNE POUR UN SUIVI DES ECOSYSTEMES. Cheick Hamala DIAKITE.
FIELD TESTS ON DGPS USING OMNISTAR CORRECTION. D. Dominici, M. L. Pecetti, F. Radicioni, A. Stoppini.
CONTROL DIRECTIONS FOR THE CALIBRATION OF TERRESTRIAL NON-METRIC CAMERAS. Gabriele Fangi.
EXPERIENCES OF VIRTUAL REALITY. G. Fangi, G. Gagliardini.
THE GRID METHOD, A SIMPLE PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE LENSE RADIAL DISTORTION. G. Fangi, Carla Nardinocchi.
DEM'S COMPARISON FOR THE EVALUATION OF LANDSLIDE VOLUME. M. Fiani, S. Troisi.
AUTOMATIC DEM GENERATION IN QUARRIES. Gianfranco FORLANI, Livio PINTO.
STATIC CONTROL OF PALAZZO DELLA RAGIONE IN PADUA. Alberto Giussani, Giorgio Vassena.
Conditions préalables au fonctionnement efficace et durable d'un SIG à base de télédétection. Claus-Peter Gross.
PROCEDURES OF CORRECTION OF THE GEOMETRY DISTORSIONS FOR DIGITAL IMAGES. A. Guarnieri, A. Vettore.
GEOPLANTRANSF: A SOFTWARE FOR THE GEOREFERENCING OF DIGITAL IMAGES BY USING PLANE TRASFORMATIONS. Francesco Guerra, Caterina Balletti, Davide Miniutti.
LA DECADENCE EN PRODUCTION CARTOGRAPHIQUE EN AFRIQUE: CAUSES ET THERAPIES DE REDEMARRAGE. A. L. Gueye, B. F. Agbo, P. M. Kibora.
GEOMATICS EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: THE CURRENT DRIVES. A. L. Gueye, O. Aguda.
DE LA TOPOGRAPHIE CONVENTIONNELLE VERS LA GEOMATIQUE: UNE EVOLUTION TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT TECHNIQUE DANS LE SYSTEME EDUCATIF CAMEROUNAIS. HAPPI MANGOUA FREDERIC.
INTERNET-ATLAS OF NATURAL AND AGRONOMIC RESOURCES IN NIGER AND BENIN - A TOOL FOR PRESENTATION AND EXCHANGE OF SPATIAL DATA - . L. Herrmann, K. Vennemann, K. Stahr.
Mapping from Space. Gottfried Konecny.
CONTEMPORARY METRICAL DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE ARCHITECTURE. Mojca Kosmatin Fras.
Acquisition of Topographic Data by Laser Scanning and Digital Photogrammetry. Karl Kraus.
The GeoMed Project: GIS and Spatial/Temporal Statistics in Public Health. Andy Long, Mark Wilson, Geoff Jacquez, Leah Estberg.
GPS and GLONASS in Italy. Giorgio Manzoni.
GEOMATICS EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN BOTSWANA. L. Maphale, M. B. Manisa, B. Nkwae, C. Ezigbalike.
THE TWOFOLD NATURE OF MEASUREMENT AS EMPIRICAL AND LINGUISTIC OPERATION. Luca Mari.
UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT: A SURVEY. Luca Mari.
A RECTIFICATION OF DIGITAL IMAGES OBTAINED FROM AN ANALOGICAL VIDEORECORDING. Patrizia Midulla.
GENE FUCTIONAL MAPPING. Luciano Milanesi, Raffaella Rizzi.
THE APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN AFRICA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. MLENGE FANUEL MGENDI.
GIS: TEACHING EXPERIENCE IN THE COURSE AT DIIAR POLITECNICO OF MILAN. Carlo MONTI, Raffaella BRUMANA, Luigi FREGONESE.
GIS TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT SURVEY DATA AND MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT QUARRY TYPOLOGIES. Carlo MONTI, Raffaella BRUMANA, Luigi FREGONESE, Giorgio Vassena.
LA FORMATION ET LA RECHERCHE AU CENTRE NATIONAL DES TECHNIQUES SPATIALES. A. OUSSEDIK, M. A. TRACHE.
GEOID BEHAVIOUR IN THE BAHIA BLANCA AREA. Raúl Perdomo y Daniel Del Cogliano, Nilda Di Croché, Esteban Napal, Beatriz Aldalur, Ana María De Aduriz, Pablo Napal, Nora Plana, Irene Pintos, Miguel Angel Martínez, Santiago Rosso.
GEOID MODELLING IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF THE BUENOS AIRES PROVINCE. Raúl Perdomo, Daniel Del Cogliano, Nilda Di Croche, Esteban Napal, Beatriz Aldalur, Pablo Napal, Irene Pintos.
SATELLITAL IMAGING, INFORMATION SUPPORT OF A PROVINCIAL CARTOGRAPHIC PROJECT. E. QÜESTA, R. YANICELLI, V. FARES, L. LUNA, E. GOLDAR, D. SANDEZ, C. ISORNI, W. COSTA, E. TONELLI.
FORMATION ET PROJETS EN GEOMATIQUE MIS EN PLACE PAR L'ASSOCIATION POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE L'INFORMATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE (ADIE) EN AFRIQUE CENTRALE. Ralph Ridder, Brice Montfraix, Stéphane Lombardo.
CONSTRUCTION OF BASIC DIGITAL MAP FOR CITY GIS BY STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC APPROACH. B. Ruzgiene.
SAGE: AN ITALIAN PROJECT OF SATELLITE ACCELEROMETRY. F. Sanso, A. Albertella, G. Bianco, A. Della Torre, M. Fermi, V. lafolla, A. Lenti, F. Migliaccio, A. Milani, A. Rossi.
THE TEACHING OF REMOTE SENSING IN SOUTH AMERICA. Tania Maria Sausen.
CROP GROWTH MODELLING IN MALI BASED ON ERS SCATTEROMETER INFORMATION. Pierre C. Sibiry Traoré, Mamadou D. Doumbia, Salifou Sissoko, Abderamane Yoroté, Wolfgang Wagner, Klaus Scipal, Anne Gobin, Paul Campling, Erik Nobbe, Rob Beck.
TER LOW COST SMALL SATELLITES FOR EARTH OBSERVATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Martin Sweeting, Wei Sun.
MAPPING OF HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION BY REMOTE SENSING AT THE ACOCULCO CALDERA, PUEBLA, MEXICO. VICENTE TORRES RODRÍGUEZ & GABRIEL ORIGEL GUTIÉRREZ.
ISSUES AND APPROACHES IN MAPPING THE IMPACTS OF MINING ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN AFRICA (WITH TEST CASE FROM KITWE MINE, ZAMBIA). Tsehaie Woldai, Daniel Limptlaw.
POTENTIAL FOR COMPUTER ASSISTED DISTANCE LEARNING IN ZAMBIA: WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS AND THE WAY FORWARD. Paul Zambezi.
Appendix: Authors and Co-authors Index.
Cover

Full text

225 
(Th-Tux* l )x + (T^ -T^x x )y + {Tl l -Tl A x* l )z + 
+ (T4i -5 44 x “ 0 
(T{ 2 - T i\y l ) x + ( T 22 - TW)y + (T32 - Tj 4 y* 1 )z + 
+ (2i-J&/ 1 ) = 0 
(7i 2 ,-T? 4 x' 2 )x + {T 2 X -T 2 4 x* 2 )y + (Tg ~T 2 4 x* 2 )z + 
+ (T 4 \ -T^x* 2 ) = 0 
The transformation 7’ 1 is different, in general, from the 
T 2 . In matricial form: 
(7i) 
where: 
A = 
T l n~T} 4 x' 1 
Tii-Thy 1 
T\\ ~T\ 4 x* 2 
Til-T&y 2 
J’l 'T’l *1 rp 1 rp\ *1 
i 21 _7 24 x •‘31 ~ •'34 x 
A-tW ri-rV 
^■2 t"2 *2 7*2 T>2 *2 
I 2l~ 1 24 x i 31~ i 34 x 
T 2 2 -T} 4 y 2 T? 2 -T? 4 y' 2 
(72) 
[jf = [x;y;r] (73) 
Pf = [T^* 1 -TlyjUy 1 -Tl 2 -Tlx' 2 + -Ti V ,T 2 4 y 2 -Tl 2 \ 
(74) 
We have four equations in three unknowns. The problem is 
iperdetermined and can be solved ad example by least 
squares: 
44I4M4W 
A third made of consider the couple of equations is that of 
know the real and image co-ordinates of some points present 
in the two projections. It becomes possible to determine the 
elements of the transformation 77. Known these elements, 
also points of unknown real co-ordinates can be transformed. 
Let’s re-write the couple of equations: 
(7ji - T\ 4 x* )x + (T 2 \ -T 24 x*)y + 
+ (B31 -Tt, 4 x )z+(T 4 \ -T m x ) = 0 
, * O 6 ' 
(T12 ~ 7)4 y )x + {J22 ~ 7^24 y )y + 
+ (B32 ~T’3 4 y )z + (T 42 -T^y ) = 0 
* * 
Let both X , y and x, y, z be known quantities. We have 
then two equations in twelve unknowns, that are the elements 
77 . By applying these equations a six points not coplanar, 
with known model and plate co-ordinates, the 77 are 
obtained. The transformation producing the perspective 
projection, remains then determined for example a 
photograph. Note that none ‘a priori’ information on the 
transformation is needed. For example, in the case of 
photograph, it is not necessary to know' the point from where 
the photograph has been taken neither the orientation of the 
camera. In matricial form: 
*1 
0 
-*1*1 
y\ 
0 
-V1*1* 
*1 
0 
-*1*1* 
1 
0 -*j 
'Til 
0 
*1 
-•w* 
0 
Vi 
-VlVi* 
0 
*1 
-*1V1* 
0 
1 ->7 
712 
*2 
0 
~ X 2 X 2 
V2 
0 
-y 2 *2 
*2 
0 
— *2*2 
1 
0 — * 2 
714 
0 
*2 
-JC2V2 
0 
V2 
-V2V2 
0 
*2 
“*2V2 
0 
1 -y\ 
7-21 
*3 
0 
-■*3*3 
V3 
0 
-V3*3 
23 
0 
— *3*3 
1 
0 —*3 
T 22 
0 
*3 
-*3V3 
0 
V3 
-V3V3 
0 
*3 
-*3V3 
0 
1 ->-3 
T 2 A 
*4 
0 
-*4*4 
V4 
0 
-V4*4 
*4 
0 
— *4*4 
1 
0 — *4 
7-31 
0 
*4 
— *4+4 
0 
V4 
-V4V4 
0 
*4 
-*4V4 
0 
1 -y 4 
732 
*5 
0 
~ *5*3 
Vs 
0 
~V5*5 
*5 
0 
—*5*5 
1 
0 -*; 
7-34 
0 
*5 
-*5>’5 
0 
V5 
-V5V5 
0 
*5 
-*sVs 
0 
1 -y s 
7-41 
*6 
0 
-*6*6 
Ve 
0 
-V6*6 
*6 
0 
-*6*6 
1 
0 
1 
7-42 
0 
*6 
-*6V6 
0 
V6 
-V6V6 
0 
26 
-*6Ve 
0 
1 -V6. 
7*44 
(77) 
where the low index indicates the point of known co 
ordinates. In a compact form: 
[A’][T\ = 0 (78) 
When the equations are homogeneous, they contain an of 
arbitrary scale factor. For example we could divide by the 
term T u , so that the unknowns would reduce to eleven and 
the system would be normalised. If the transformation is 
normalised, the last column of the [A ] is moved to the first 
term, and the non-homogeneous system is solved. 
19. Notes of rendering 
In order to get a good simulation of the reality, the good 3D 
virtual reconstruction by drawings is not yet enough, also the 
lights, the colours, and the shades must be simulated and 
generated. When the object has already modelled, we 
proceed: 
Generation of a axonometric or perspective projection 
Removing hidden lines and surfaces 
Shading and radiosity of the body 
20. Clipping 
To solve the problem of removing hidden lines and surfaces, 
a solution is to order the objects according to their distance to 
projection plane. An other solution is to depict the objects 
one over the other beginning from the farest one (the so- 
called the painter algorithm). The second method is less 
accurate bud quicker. 
21. The shading 
The shading and the computation of the chromatic qualities 
or radiosity are the core of the rendering procedure. Th 
simplest algorithm is the law of cosine of Lambert. The light 
intensity reflected by the surface, is expressed as function of 
the cosine of the angle formed by the light with the normal 
vector to the surface. Such a model is: 
I r = 11 cos 9 (79) 
where 6 = angle between the normal vector and the 
incident light ray 
I r = intensity of the reflected light 
7 ■ = intensity of the mcident light 
The model can be improved taking into account the different 
tvrc of surface 
I r =K Ii cosO (80) 
where K is a coefficient for the surface. One can consider the 
luminositv of the ambient 
I = I r /d + K a I a (81) 
The limit of the model is that when the surface is curved, the 
computing time for the normal vector is rather long. When

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