International cooperation and technology transfer

Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856490555

Author:: Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Title:: International cooperation and technology transfer

Sub title:: Ljubljana, Slovenia, February 2 - 5, 2000 : proceedings of the workshop

Scope:: VI, 163 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2000

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856490555

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: SOME ASPECTS OF CARTOGRAPHIC VISUALISATION OF THE SCREEN - MUTUAL RELATION OF SCAN PIXELS ANS SCREEN PIXELS. Dr. sc. Brankica Malic

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

118 Six scan pixels were selected from the 72 nd and 73 rd row of the pixmap and they are decreased in one case (67% zoom out) and increased in two cases (170% and 800% zoom in). pixels and screen pixels is more complex than it may appear to be at the first glance. So, for example, raster graphics are not shown on the Pixmap 17" screen with shadow mask 640x480 (a=0,22, b=0,15, a co CO o' ll co ll N = 0,67 (67%-decrease) N = 1,7 (170%-lncrease) N = 8 (800%-increase) x f(x) g(y) u v f(x) g(y) u V f(x) g(y) u v P 51,73 2x2/2= 4x5/2= 17x26/2= 2 Pixel 10 Pixel 221 Pixel A 50 72 /3,97 156,22 73 156 187,69 396,39 187 396 883,23 1865,38 883 1865 B 51 73 /5,45 158,4C 75 158 191,44 401,90 191 401 900,89 1891,28 900 1891 P5273 1 x2/2= 4x5/2= 18x26/2= 1 Pixel 10 Pixel 234 Pixel A 51 72 75,45 156,22 75 156 191,44 396,39 191 396 900,89 1865,38 900 1865 B 52 73 76,93 158,40 76 158 195,19 401,90 195 401 918,56 1891,28 918 1891 P5373 2x2/2= 3x5/2 =7,5 18x26/2= 2 Pixel 8 Pixel 234 Pixel A 52 72 76,93 156,22 76 156 195,19 396,39 195 396 918,56 1865,38 918 1865 B 53 73 78,40 158,40 78 158 198,95 401,90 198 401 936,22 1891,28 936 1891 P5174 2x2/2= 4x6/2= 17x26/2= 2 Pixel 12 Pixel 221 Pixel A 50 73 73,97 158,40 73 158 187,69 401,90 187 401 883,23 1891,28 883 1891 B 51 74 75,45 160,56 75 160 191,44 407,40 191 407 900,89 1917,19 900 191/ P5274 1x2/2= 4x6/2= 18x26/2= 1 Pixel 12 Pixel 234 Pixel A 51 73 75,45 158,40 75 158 191,44 401,90 191 401 900,89 1891,28 900 1891 B 52 74 76,93 160,56 76 160 195,19 407,40 195 407 918,56 1917,19 918 1917 P5374 2x2/2= 3x6/2= 18x26/2= 2 Pixel 9 Pixel 234 Pixel A 52 73 76,93 158,40 76 158 195,19 401,90 195 401 918,56 1891,28 918 1891 B 53 74 78,40 160,56 78 160 198,95 407,40 198 407 936,22 1917,19 936 1917 Table 10: Presentation of the translation of pixmap => screen at a decrease (zoom out 67%) and increase (zoom in 170% and 800%) on the example of a 17” screen with shadow mask. Upon the introduction of the half-row coordinate system, the apertures of the shadow mask are found only in every second field of rows and columns. Since each aperture on the shadow mask corresponds to one screen pixel, it is necessary to re-calculate the half-row fields into actual screen pixels. This re-calculation is performed according to the following rule: (number of columns * number of rows) / 2 = number of screen pixels Exception: (odd number of columns * odd number of rows) / 2 = .5 1. example: (1 * 1 ) / 2 = 0.5 - or 1 screen pixel; - or none screen pixel (when (x + y) of the lower left corner is an even number). 2. example: (3 * 3) / 2 = 4.5 - or 5 screen pixels - or 4 screen pixels (when (x + y) of the lower left corner is an even number). 3. example: (Pixel P53,73, 170%; see Table 10): (198- 195) * 8401 - 396) / 2 = (3 * 5) / 2 = 7.5 In this case the lower left corner is A’ (195, 396): (x + y = 195 + 396 = 591). Therefore it must be rounded up higher: 7.5 => 8 pixels. 4. CONCLUSION From the considerations of the problem carried out so far, it becomes obvious that the interdependence of scan screen in their actual size. They change their size depending on the resolution and the size of the screen, because a scan pixel with a fixed form and size is being translated into a screen pixel whose form and size are changeable. Among other things, it is not recommendable to use screen resolutions higher than those corresponding to the mask apertures (dot pitch and aperture grill pitch) are, because it does not contribute to the quality of the image, especially not with the screens with a shadow mask (Malic, 1998). 5. REFERENCE Foley, J.D., Dam, A. van, Feiner, S.K., Hughes, J.F., Philips, R.L., 1994. Grundlagen der Computergraphik: Einführung, Methodne, Prinzipien - 1. Aufl., Addison- Wesley, Bonn, Paris. Lang, H., 1995. Farbwiedergabe in den Medien: Fernsehen, Film, Druck, Muster-Schmidt Verl., Göttingen, Zürich, Malic, B., 1998. Physiologische und technische Aspekte kartographischer Bildschirmvisualisierung, Diss. Schrift Univ. Bonn, SIKB Heft 25. Moers, S., Theißing, F., 1996. Der richtige Bildschirm. Marktübersicht über strahlungarme, ergonomisch empfehlenswerte Computerbildschirme, DGB Technologieberatung e.V., Berlin.

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