International cooperation and technology transfer

Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856490555

Author:: Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Title:: International cooperation and technology transfer

Sub title:: Ljubljana, Slovenia, February 2 - 5, 2000 : proceedings of the workshop

Scope:: VI, 163 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2000

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856490555

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: NATIONAL AND MODERN GEODETIC COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN SLOVENIA. Bojan Stopar, Miran Kuhar

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

154 CONCLUSION As has been seen official coordinate system in Slovenia is based on the old astrogeodetic network. The inherent errors and distorsions make it unsuitable for today's requirements which not only include national mapping and recording for local authorities and public utilities, but also scientific and safety purposes such as earthquake prediction, crustal dynamics and land subsidence. At the same time it is the twodimensional network. The accurate third component - height could be retrieved only with geometric levelling which is the base of the separate height network. Now, with the advent of GPS technology, it is becoming of increasing importance that such control networks be realised in terms of a stable and consistent coordinate frame which is of a global nature. The importance of a uniform and homogeneous coordinate reference system has become apparent in recent years. In Slovenia (like in most other countries) we are developing Geographical Information Systems and digitised cartographic databases which require a national and, for some applications, an international reference system. There are also needs for a coordinate reference system which encompasses not only the land but also the sea and air masses (international requirements for navigation are perhaps the best examples). Networks observed by GPS are becoming bigger, covering larger extents of the Earth's surface and are being observed more frequently and easily than in previous years. Consideration of the coordinate system, or more particularly the coordinate frame is of paramount importance. Ultimately, the coordinate frame which is adopted will define the potential usefulness of an observed network in future years. The frame must therefore be maintained over time and must be used consistently in a coherent manner for the processing of GPS data at the present and in future epochs. Establishing control today is most likely to be done by GPS. Whether it is re coordinating existing marks, establishing new stations where they are needed (densifying) or extending networks into new regions or countries, it is not difficult to show that GPS has the ability to perform precise surveying for geodetic purposes in a fraction of the time and cost than was required previously by terrestrial methods. With commercially available GPS receivers, good quality post-processing software and the routine production of satellite orbits, GPS campaigns can achieve a relative positional accuracy of better than ±0.1 ppm. However, this achievable precision can only be utilised if the new GPS network is tied or fitted to existing stations in a coherent manner. In order to be able to use ellipsoidal (GPS) heights (because they have no pracictal meaning) very accurate geoid models should be present. In order to determine such accurate models, gravimetric and astronomic measurements should be performed. Once a cm-geoid is reality, GPS technology could be easily utilized for height determination. In all its aspects Slovenia should adopt new, modern coordinate system, which could be used not only in surveying and mapping but in all related geosciences i.e. whereever location of a point in threedimensional even fourdimensional (considering time) space is needed. References Altiner Y., Colic K., Gojceta B., Habrich H., Lipej B., Neumaier P., Marjanovic M., Medic Z., Miskovic D., Pribicevic B., Rasic L., Seeger H., Seliskar A. and Tavcar D., 1998. Results of a Recomputation of the EUREF GPS Campaigns in Croatia and Slovenia, Proceedings of the Symposium of the IAG Subcommission for Europe (EUREF), Bad Neuenahr- Ahrweiler, June 10-13, 1998, eds. Gubler E. and Homik H., Verlag des BGK, 79-89. Colic K., Basic T., Petrovic S., Pribicevic B., Ratkajec M., Sünkel H., Kühtreiber N., 1992. New Geoid Solution for Slovenia and Part of Croatia, Proceedings of the 1 st Continental Workshop on the Geoid in Europe, Prague, May 11-14, 1992, eds. Holota P. and Vermeer M., Research Institute of Geodesy, Topograhy and Cartography, Prague, 158-165. Colic K.., Basic T., Petrovic S., Pribicevic B., Ratkajec M., 1992. Improved Geoid Solution for Slovenia and Part of Croatia, Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium "Geodesy and Physics of the Earth", Potsdam, October 5-10, 1992, eds. Montag H. and Reigber C., Springer Verlag, 141 — 145. Deakin R.E., Collier P.A., Leahy F.J., 1994. Transformation of coordinates using least squares collocation, Australian Surveyor, (30)1, pp. 6-20. Denker H., Torge W., 1997. The European Gravimetric Quasigeoid EGG97 - an IAG supported continental enterprise. In: IAG Symp. Proceed., IAG Scient. Ass. Rio de Janeiro, 1997, Springer, Berlin Heiskanen W. and Moritz H., 1996. Physical Geodesy, Institute of Physical Geodesy TU Graz, Austria, reprint. I.E.R.S. home page: http://hpiers.obspm.fr/ Jenko M., 1986. Works on the Astrogeodetic Network in the Years 1975-1982, Institut GZ SRS, Ljubljana. Miskovic D., Altiner Y., 1997. National Report of Slovenia - Attempt to Establish New Reference Coordinate System in the Republic of Slovenia, Proceedings of the Symposium of the IAG Subcommission for Europe (EUREF), Sofia, June 4-7, 1997, eds. Gubler E. and Homik H., Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 202-209. Miskovic D., 1996. National Report of the Republic of Slovenia, Proceedings of the Symposium of the IAG Subcommission for Europe (EUREF), Ankara, May 22-25, 1996, eds. Gubler E. and Hornik H., Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 296-298. Mikhail E. M., 1976. Observations and Least Squares, University Press of America, New York. Moritz H., 1980. Advanced Physical Geodesy. Wichman Verlag, Karlsruhe. Pribicevic B., 1999. New Determination of Geoid in Slovenia, MSc Thesis, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana. Stopar B. and Kuhar M., 1997,.Astrogeodetic Network of Slovenia and Geoid, Geodetski vestnik, 41:2, 101-111.

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