International cooperation and technology transfer

Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856490555

Author:: Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Title:: International cooperation and technology transfer

Sub title:: Ljubljana, Slovenia, February 2 - 5, 2000 : proceedings of the workshop

Scope:: VI, 163 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2000

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856490555

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: GPS SURVEYING IN CARTOGRAPHY CERTIFICATION. Vincenzo Barrile, Giovanni Pirrone, Rossella Nocera

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

if m even if m odd if m even if m odd criterion compares a quadratic function of the sums of ranks R[ of the samples with chi-square distribution critical values, where the degrees of freedom are the number of samples minus one: C-l.###Kruskall-Wallis' test on the homogeneity of variance components for several variances of independent samples. This test must be used instead of classical Bartlett's test, when population distributions aren't normal, although samples must be independent. It is a generalisation of Siegel-Tukey's rank test for two variances under the same hypotheses. Therefore the ranks are assigned from the smallest absolute residual to the largest one, after having put all samples together and sorting their residuals, so that the dispersion of each appears immediately. The test criterion compares a quadratic function of the sums of ranks R t of the samples with chi-square distribution critical values, where the degrees of freedom are the number of samples minus one: H 0 : P(X 2 u=/n-i(a / 2) < H < x 2 u=m-i(1 - a / 2)) = 1 - a H 0 : P(X 2 u= m -i(a / 2) < H < x 2 v=m-1 (1 - a / 2)) = 1 - a where: D. Kruskall-Wallis' test or Friedman's test on the variance analysis of several means of independent or correlated samples, respectively. ### These tests must be used instead of classical Fisher's test, when population distributions aren't normal or there are inequalities of dispersion of the samples, respectively, in case of independent samples or correlated ones. The first test generalises Mann-Withney's rank test for two means under the same hypotheses, whilst the second one generalises Thompson's sign test. The test procedure is the same explained for the homogeneity of variance components; the ranks are assigned to the arguments of the elements, obviously. where: 12 R? N(N+1) /=1 n, 3(/V+1) N= In, /'=1 C-2. Friedman's test on the homogeneity of variance components for several variances of correlated samples.### This test is less powerful than the above mentioned Kruskall-Wallis' test, but it permits to analyse correlated samples. This is a generalisation of Thompson's sign test for two variances under the same hypotheses. Therefore the ranks are assigned to the absolute residuals, element by element across the samples in increasing order, after having paired all samples. The test Aknoledgment The authors thank, Mr. Pasquale Pellicano (civil engineer student) and Mr Consolato Dattola (UTE Reggio Calabria), for their support during the measurements. Bibliography AA.VV.: Guide to GPS Positioning. Canadian GPS Associates, 1986. T. Bellone, L. Mussio: Trattamento delle Osservazioni. CLUP, Milano, 1996. G. Inghilleri: Topografia generale. UTET, Torino, 1974. F. Sansò: Il trattamento statistico dei dati. CLUP, Milano, 1990.

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