International cooperation and technology transfer

Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856490555

Author:: Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Title:: International cooperation and technology transfer

Sub title:: Ljubljana, Slovenia, February 2 - 5, 2000 : proceedings of the workshop

Scope:: VI, 163 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2000

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856490555

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: COMPARISON BETWEEN A CAMERA LUCIDA PANORAMA AND A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY. PIETRO BROGLIA, EVA SAVINA MALINVERNI, LUIGI MUSSIO

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

SOME CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE ANCIENT PANORAMA OF LECCO (ITALY) Some particular elements of the drawing, regarding the knowledge of the area surveyed, are important to identify the author. Furthermore analyzing the notes written on the panorama of Lecco and taking into account some other coincidences (Broglia et al., 1999), the authors arrived at the conclusion that the architect Giuseppe Bovara was the author. He realized the panorama from 1804 to 1816 and it was found in the Carlini's documents, because there was a big friendships between the astronomer and Bovara. In order to find the point(s) of view, some tops of mountains and some places were recognized in the panorama and compared, using a mathematical analysis, with the measurements made on the Regional Technical Map of Lombardy. The two sets of measurements were compared using a least squares linear regression between azimuth angles and linear distances; analogous considerations were made for the elevation angles, referred at the surface of the sea and compared to the vertical distances measured on the panorama. The correct localization of some points on the panorama depends on the selection of the point station. The point of view, considering the whole panorama, was firstly placed in Lecco, near Belvedere Street, in proximity of the lake. Successively observing the residuals of this first analysis and their systematic behavior, the analysis was refined considering the two parts of the drawing separately. Thus two different points of view, which minimized the mathematical solution, were found. The first point of view, using only the first twenty points of the section of the panorama with the Mont. Barro, was situated in the cross-roads between Turati and Belvedere Streets, at the altitude of about 220 m. on the sea level. It is important to refer these considerations at the period, in which the panorama was realized; therefore the historical map, realized by IGM in the 1888, was used. In this map, the main street of Lecco ran parallel at the Turati Street and there were not houses among these streets and the lake. So the visibility in this area toward the lake, in the XIX century, was very large, this made possible the presence of a point station to draw a panorama. The second solution, referred to the second section of the panorama with the Mont. St. Martino, obtained using sixteen points, showed the point of view localized in the center of gravity of a triangle. Its vertices were located: at the Church of S. Nicolo (rebuild in the 1830 by the architect Bovara, in more steps, with the bell-tower finished in the 1904, on a Visconteo keep), at the Canonica of the XVII century and at the house of Bovara (now Municipal Library) (Dacco et al., 1988). Also this part of the town of Lecco, in the XIX century, permitted a good view of the lake and of the mountains around it. COMPARISON WITH A MODERN TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY To validate the accuracy of the ancient panorama, i.e. the capability of this old technique, to obtain a good altimetric mapping, a modern terrestrial photogrammetric survey was set up and compared. In January 1999, a photogrammetric survey was organized using a metric camera WILD P31, lens 100 mm, taking 6 images from the bell - tower terrace of the St. Nicolo, the main church in Lecco. The black and white images were digitized by DTP scanner with low-resolution and then they were mosaiched in a photogrammetric panorama by means of commercial software (Figure 2). To realize the comparison between the photogrammetric panorama and the ancient one, in the set of points (listed below), only twenty eight points were identified and measured (Table 1). In fact, the correct identification of the other nine points (shown in bold in the same list) were not possible, on the photogrammetric panorama, for the scarcity of either characteristics, or good and identifiable elements, moreover for the presence of some occlusions (Figure 3). Figure 2. Modern terrestrial photogrammetric survey from Lecco (Italy) Point number Name on the Map Altitude on the sea level (m) 1 Barro 889 2 657 3 Regina 817 4 Regina 814.7 5 448.2 6 Barro 922 7 Barro 850 8 Barro 830 9 800 10 585.8 11 Zucco in Boffalora 405.4 13 Valmadrera 240 14 Malgrate 220 15 Corno Birone 1116.2 17 Cornizzolo 1240 18 Rocca 272 19 Cima Rai 1215 20 Prasanto 1244.8 21 Pare 200 22 Canzo 1366 23 Cimone 1177.3 24 Cimone 1259 25 Cimone 1190 26 Cimone 1180.5 27 Cimone 1122.5

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