International cooperation and technology transfer

Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

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Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856490555

Author:: Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Title:: International cooperation and technology transfer

Sub title:: Ljubljana, Slovenia, February 2 - 5, 2000 : proceedings of the workshop

Scope:: VI, 163 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2000

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856490555

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: THE FIRST SLOVENIAN NAUTICAL CHART - DIGITAL ON WGS 84. Igor Karnicnik, M. Sc. Dalibor Radovan, M. Sc. Dusan Petrovic,

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

nautical charts, was given the opportunity to educate one of its cartographic experts at the International Maritime Academy (IMA) (Karnicnik, 1998). Hydrographic education continued last year as it will in the future. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY A nautical chart is a combination of topographic and hydrographic sections. The topographic section is acquired by a geodetic and photogrammetric survey of the land area of a chart, and is represented quite schematically. The hydrographic part with all navigational data is the most important part and must be complete and made with maximum precision. Hydrographic data are acquired by hydrographic survey. The survey is accomplished by a hydrographic survey vessel in accordance to IHO standards. Slovenian sea is too small for it to be reasonable to have our own equipment for such a demanding survey. From this reason Navoceano (Department of the US Navy, Naval Oceanographic Office) did the first survey of our sea with their survey vessel Littlehales and two HSLs (Hydrographic Survey Launch). During the survey both IGF and the Ministry participated in the survey and provided liaison between the Slovenian Government and Navoceano. A connection was established via Internet between IGF and the vessel. At the same time the team of cartographers was organized to check and archive all the transferred data (Karnicnik, Radovan, 1998b). The first part of the survey was a geodetic survey of all reference points and aids to navigation. A network of five GPS reference points was established on land to provide sufficient support for precise positioning (figure 1). Those points were used for positioning a tide gauge in Koper harbour and all aids to navigation (lighthouses, lights, buoys and landmarks) (figure 2). All lighthouses, lights, buoys and landmarks were documented and for each a photograph was taken. All light characteristics were checked and every aid to navigation was described. For some lighthouses and lights, usually the most important, a VHS videotape panorama was taken. Figure 1: GPS reference network Nowadays practically all navigation is done by GPS satellite navigation. This involves the use of modern navigational systems with electronic charts directly connected to GPS and positions plotted directly on the screen. The precision of such positioning is increasing every year. That leads the surveyors and hydrographers to conduct a survey of all reference points and aids to navigation to meet these requirements - a high precision survey with direct plotting of ship's position. Figure 2: GPS positioning of aids to navigation The hydrographic survey which followed was completed in about one month. In this time the Slovenian sea between the border with Italy and the town of Portoroz was surveyed with various instruments (figure 3). The following parameters were surveyed: • the depths by multibeam sonar (simultaneous acquisition of 32 depths), • the depths by singlebeam sonar (close to coast),

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