ISPRS Ahmedabad 2009 Workshop Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture

panigrahy, sushma

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 85657970X

Author:: Panigrahy, Sushma

Title:: ISPRS Ahmedabad 2009 Workshop Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture

Sub title:: Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India, 17 - 18 December 2009

Scope:: VII, 437 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2009

Place of publication:: Lemmer

Publisher of the original:: GITC

Identifier (digital):: 85657970X

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: Invited Lectures

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: SPACE OBSERVATION FOR CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES. Ranganath R. Navalgund and Raghavendra P. Singh

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

ISPRS Archives XXXVIII-8AV3 Workshop Proceedings: Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture SPACE OBSERVATION FOR CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES Ranganath R. Navalgund + and Raghavendra P. Singh Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad-380015, India, ( + director@sac.isro.gov.in) KEYWORDS: Remote Sensing, Essential Climate Variables, Land Surface Parameters, Green House Gases, Aerosols, Glacier Retreat. ABSTRACT: Climate change is associated with earth radiation budget that depends upon in-comming solar radiation, surface albedo and radiative forcing by green house gases. Human activities are contributing to climate change by causing changes in Earth’s atmosphere (greenhouse gases, aerosols) and biosphere (deforestation, urbanization, irrigation). Long term and precise measurements from calibrated global observation constellation is a vital component in climate system modelling. Space based records of biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere over more than three decades are providing important information on climate change. Space observations are an important source of climate variables due to multi scale simultaneous observation (local, regional, global) capability with temporal revisit in tune with requirements of land, ocean and atmospheric processes. Essential climatic variables that can be measured from space include atmosphere (upper air temperature, water vapour, precipitation, clouds, aerosols & GHGs etc.), ocean (sea ice, sea level, SST, salinity, ocean colour etc.) and land (snow, glacier, albedo, biomass, LAI/fAPAR, soil moisture etc.). India’s Earth Observation Programme addresses various aspects of land, ocean and atmospheric applications. The present and planned missions such as Resourcesat-1, Oceansat-2, RISAT, Megha-Tropiques, INSAT-3D, SARAL, Resourcesat-2, Geo-HR Imager and I-STAG would help in understanding the issues related to climate changes. The paper reviews observational needs, space observation systems and studies that have been carried out at ISRO towards mapping/ detecting the indicators of climate change, monitoring the agents of climate change and understanding the impact of climate change, in national perspectives. Studies to assess glacier retreat, changes in polar ice cover, timberline change and coral bleaching are being carried out towards monitoring of climate change indicators. Spatial methane inventories from paddy rice, livestock and wetlands have been prepared and seasonal pattern of CO2, and CO have been analysed. Future challenges in space observations include design and placement of adequate and accurate multi-platform observational system to monitor all parameters related to various interaction processes and generation of long term calibrated climate data records pertaining to land ocean and atmosphere. 1. INTRODUCTION Increasing human population and industrialization including unsustainable consumption pattern particularly by rich industrialized nations are a major cause of concern related to climate change. The impact of climate change on food security, water security, sea level rise leading to submergence of coastal areas and increased frequency of extreme events (drought, flood) pose serious threat to India. The capacity to detect and track the course of climate changes and model the effect of these changes is the most important present global environmental challenge. Measurements acquired from the space platforms provide vital information related to long term changes in atmospheric composition, glaciers, sea level rise, hydrology and biospheric activities. Space based remote sensing data helps in mapping earth resources, monitoring their changes and deriving bio-geophysical parameters. All this information helps in identifying the indicators and agents of climate change. The space-based inputs can also be integrated with physical simulation models to predict the impact of climate change. It provides information related to three aspects (i) the indicators of climate change (ii) assessment of agents of climate change, such as greenhouse gases and aerosol, their sources and distribution pattern and (iii) modeling the impact of climate change in various fields and natural resources that would be of help in planning towards adaptation measures and preparedness. The far-reaching consequences of climate change are inevitable as demonstrated by the simulation models using various projection scenarios. However, accuracy of the projection is still a challenge at the present time. Therefore, attempts are being made towards calibrating and validating these simulation models using remote sensing and ground observed parameters for Indian condition. These studies have been carried out in the fields of agriculture, hydrology, ocean productivity, impact on coastal zone due to sea level rise, regional climate model and global water cycle. The experience and knowledge gained from these studies would be useful in specifying the trend in climate change impacts and suggesting corresponding adaptation measures. 2. OBSERVATIONAL NEEDS The broad observational needs to address the issues of climate change cover parameters related to atmospheric compositions, ocean surface topography, precipitation and land-surface observations. Important research areas in the field of monitoring atmospheric composition include measurements on C0 2 , CH 4 , water vapour, ozone, aerosols etc. On ocean topography, monitoring sea level rise, as well as providing ocean temperature and chemistry trends is necessary. In the area of precipitation, tracking the seasonal progression of rainfall and attempting to better understand development, movement and impact of severe storms, as well as improving the understanding of water cycles is an important area of concern. Terrestrial monitoring systems are 3

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