Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 7 Human settlements: Urban surveys, human settlement analysis and archaeology. Chairman: W. G. Collins, Co-chairman: B. C. Forster, Liaison: P. Hofstee

Write comment:: Wegen zu enger Bindung kommt es teilweise im Original zu Textverlust.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Automatic digitizing of photo interpretation overlays with a digital photodiode camera: The ADIOS system. C. A. de Bruijn & A. J. van Dalfsen

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Step 7 transfer to GIS system Results are read back from the AED into an output file with fiducial marks, codefilled polygons and boundary lines that can now be transferred to an appropriate pixel input programme of the selected GIS system. At ITC, the first use of ADIOS will be to input data in the raster oriented,ITC developed, USEMAP geoinformation system. In that case USEMAP software will a) apply a geocorrection b) eliminate boundary line codes by attributing line gridcells to the appropriate landuse polygon c) resample to the regular gridcell size for the project area. 5.4 Geocorrection In flat areas geocorrection will be based on digital rectification, defined by matching tiepoints on the photo with points on a map or from a list with known coordinates. Such data will be stored in a photo index file and after linking this file with the observed fiducial marks in the scanfile the geocorrection can be applied as part of the resampling procedure. If various overlays of the same photo have to be entered the same photoindex file can be used. In gently rolling hilly areas digital facet plotting can be used in a similar way to digital rectification. In mountaineous areas also correction based on digital monoplotting can be used, provided that a digital elevation model can be made available. It is also possible to vectorize the data first and then to apply the geocorrection on the vectorized data as has been done by LEBERL and CHRISMAN. 5.5 Improvements and extensions of the current pilot system To enhance the quality of the "row" scanned data it is planned to improve the lighting system. Automatic gap-closure is currently under study and some form of vectorizing will be implemented soon. Possible approaches in this field have been described by PEUQUET (1981) and HARRIS et al. (1982). It is expected that in the near future topologically encoded vector data will be derived from the scanfile after processing in the rasterdomain only. 6 DIGITIZING OF OVERLAYS VS INTERACTIVE DIGITIZING DURING INTERPRETATION Several USEMAP programmes have been designed to digitize during the actual interpretation (DE BRUIJN, 1983). Experience so far has shown that it is a good and efficient method for a) "point" data e.g. houses b) selective landuse data For complex landuse interpretations that cover a full photograph there is a preference to interpret first on an overlay and then to digitize that overlay in a separate step. One of the theoretical advantages of interactive digitizing during interpretation is that it should be possible to query the database e.g. to ask for a previous interpretation to assist in change detection. Due to lack of software development capacity this possibility has not been implemented so far at ITC. When ADIOS becomes available it may be assumed that most general landuse type digitizing will be carried out automatically. Apart from saving time and avoiding errors it has the big advantage that it does not interfere with traditional photointerpretation methods (the production of an interpretation overlay) and does not require digitizing training or the use of digitizer operators. For certain corrections or certain types of change detection interactive digitizing will remain a valuable technique, but clearly complementary to automatic digitizing. However, for "point" type date the production of a readable and reliable overlay is not without problems and there interactive digitizing seems for the time being the most efficient solution. 7 FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF THE DIGITAL CAMERA The high number of greylevels that can be scanned with the Eikonix makes it possible to scan airphot.os with a fairly good image quality. A typical 55 x 55 mm SFAP negative can be scanned with 37 lines/mm resolution, a 9 inch photo with 9 lines/mm. This creates several new possibilities: The photo can be scanned and then displayed (if necessary after geocorrection) as a background to the landuse data on an interactive workstation. This might be a good method for updating such data or for detection of errors. Displaying a scanned photo on a screen enables also interactive interpretation where interpretation results can be displayed immediately. This can be useful in situations where airphotos are used to count items, like in housing studies and recreation surveys. The marks on the screen avoid double counting and allow an easy check on forgotten cases. A step further is the production of digital rectifications or digital orthophotos. Using the geocorrection methods described earlier this is clearly feasible as has been demonstrated already by KONECNY in 1979, who used a photo scanner with a 0.1 mm pixel size. Low cost, medium resolution output, acceptable for a number of applications can be generated by the new generation of laser printers with 300 dpi resolution enabling 15-20 points/cm printrasters to render appr. 20 greylevels. An output quality that is better than that of the photocopies that are now increasingly used as field material and for provisional basemaps. 8 CONCLUSION Although the results of the pilot system are still limited at the moment this publication had to be finalized, they show clearly that the approach is successful and that an operational system can be developed in a rather short time, using the available experience with USEMAP geodata processing, image processing and photogrammetry in ITC. Developments in the computer industry where low-cost resolution graphic input and output devices are rapidly becoming available make it probable that such developments will have a considerable impact on the application of photo interpretation and its integration in modern geodata environments.

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