Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 5 Non-renewable resources: Geology, geomorphology and engineering projects. Chairman: J. V. Taranik, Liaison: B. N. Koopmans

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Document type:: Multivolume work

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Chapter

Title:: Thematic mapping from aerial photographs for Kandi Watershed and Area Development Project, Punjab (India). B. Didar Singh & Kanwarjit Singh

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 Thematic mapping from aerial photographs for Kandi Watershed and Area Development Project, Punjab (India) B.Didar Singh & Kanwarjit Singh Planning & Design St.Directorate (IB), Punjab, Chandigarh, India Lp faulting in red. lozoic basins in t Shaver, R.H. nal sedimentation, :r. 19 r 292-303. in the northern namic evolution .merica Plate. Lineaments and m Shaba (Zaire) . 94 : 209-221. on, J.G. 1965. ion and super- f Central 102. e state of stress 5-324. n the relief ol. Soc. Am. amentals of all. & Burke, K. ns . Journ. Geol. e la Rep. de ta : Ingeominas. d folding in the s III, V. (ed.), emerit block s. Geol. Soc. Abstract; The authors have utilised the photo-interpretation techniques for the thematic mapping for geomor- phologioal, hydrological, geological - hydrogeological, soil system and forestry studies of the Kandi Area in the State of Punjab under the World Bank aided Kandi Watershed & Area Development Project. The Kandi area lying at the foot hill of Siwaliks in Hoshiarpur and Ropar districts is in an under developed state on account of increasing population pressure, farming and raising livestock on erodible slopes, widespread felling of trees and fuel and fodder, poor irrigation and other infrastructural facilities, coupled with illiteracy, economic and social backwardness has inflicted serious damage by bringing about an increasing rate of top soil erosion. In order to reverse this ecological degradation and to protect as well as develop the agricul tural and other infrastructural facilities in the area, the Govt, of Punjab with the assistance of British firms of Sir William Halcrow and Sir Murdoch Macdonald, prepared a detailed feasibility report for this project. The photo-interpretation techniques used in the present study proved to be very useful in exploration, moni toring and management aspects required for the developmental planning of an area. 1 INTRODUCTION The Government of Punjab have long been aware of the growing damage being done to the land of Siwaliks in Punjab State, which borders the foothills of the Himalayan range. The Siwaliks in Punjab are mainly represented by the Upper Siwaliks formations of plei stocene to recent age and mainly composed of incohe rent material like boulders, pebbles, cobbles, sands, silt and clays and outcropped in the NW-SE direction (Pascoe 1964). A large number of ephemeral streams locally termed as Choes flow down from the Sub-moun tainous Zone of upper Siwaliks and immediately after a rainfall in the catchment area during the monsoon period, these streams swell into a flood. As the slope of the bed is steep, the velocity of flow becomes high and causes severe erosion of the soil cover. The flowing water charged with the heavy sediment load of the incoherent material of the catchment area, has a narrow course in the hills but as it reaches the plains, it spreads over a large area, deposits its sediment load to make the valuable fertile lands un productive. Besides this the increasing pressure of a growing population, farming and raising livestock on erodible slopes, has led to the extensive des truction of protective vegetation. Together with widespread felling of trees, over-intensive use of the land has brought about an increasing rate of top soil erosion, which is also inflicting serious and permanent damage to the agriculture of the area lying at the foot-hill of Siwaliks in Punjab State, locally termed as the Kandi Area. In order to alleviate these problems the Government of Punjab selected the Kandi area of Punjab State as the site of a World Bank aided project to base an extensive programme of development under a detailed and comprehensive plan called Kandi Watershed and Area Development Project. 2 PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT The overall project plan is for the eventual improve ment and development of a total of about 1,50,000 hectares of the Kandi tract lying in the State of Punjab. In the first phase work has been concentrated on eleven representative watersheds covering an area of about 30,000 hectares in Hoshiarpur and Ropar districts of Punjab. Individual watershed has been taken as the unit of development in the Kandi tract and has been broadly split into two sub-units i.e. upper catchments and Kandi plains. The potential of each of the two subunits has been studied in details for the following development programmes. 2.1 Upper catchments I. Afforestation & reforestation 2; Soil conservation measures-land levelling and terracing. 3 Flood attenuation measures 4 Water storage & erosion control works 5 Minor irrigation schemes 6 Fish culture-where possible 7 Overall improvements to agriculture,horticulture and livestock of the area. 8 Improvement of area's infrastructure like improved water supply and all weather roads. 2.2 Plains of the Kandi Tract 1 Surface irrigation schemes 2 Groundwater irrigation schemes 3 Flood protection measures and stream diversion works 4 Canalisation of water-courses 5 Groundwater recharge measures 6 Overall improvements to agriculture & water manage ment 7 Improvement of area's infrastructure like improved water supply and all weather roads. 3 PROJECT ORGANISATION In order to give advice and assistance for the multi- developmental aspects of the project, it was decided by the Punjab Government to recruit a team of over seas consultants who would also supplement the exper tise of the local professional staff of the Punjab Government. In the year 1980, the British firms of Sir William Halcrow and Partners and Sir Murdoch Macdonald & Partners against their joint proposal.

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