Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856662364

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: VI, Seiten 959-1074

Year of publication:: 2016

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856662364

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,3)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: Invited papers

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Small Format Aerial Photography for analysing urban housing problem (Case study: Bangkok Metropolitan Region). C. Chanond & C. Leekbhai

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

? was justifi- FAP to an ty of several 30 sq.km), NHA the ITC Settlement Reconnaissance ÏRIMENT эг to reduce aker, normally naissance st of fuel is as two engined ly US $ 675 per si SLX 55 x 55 tervalometer c mounting nt. The first sd from ITC. y a navigation : a pilot, a undertook a Pathom (60 km The test was f the staff nn and the sed airphoto so satisfac- for the whole to 4 zones, tm (film ates. The a which was ilometer grids chart. This rate land marks follows that <is or E-W axis n lens on the 8,500 ft, rcrews need nle ground Intervals were 30% side lap on n 1/500 second, st at 17.12 f 120 knots to automatic. sxposures. It /eloper, such clearly marked for the flight in an A4 size hours flying February 1985. a scale of ne interpreta- L985. {le mission, "inting to area of 5,000 Bht. 32 (US$ set of conven- scale is Bht. 5) per sq.km. trated an icies can now for develop ment planning purpose at low cost. Apart from the low cost factor there is the added convenience of handling the negative on any good quality 55 mm photo enlarger, and be able to provide photos to any scale required by different specialists involved in development planning. The SFAP airphotos have been used in the BMR study to collect data on various aspects: - the location of vacant land, potentially suitable for new residential development - a general land use inventory - a quantification of the BMR housing stock ac cording to various residential types. This paper focusses on the methodology and results of the housing stock inventory. 5 A REVIEW OF AIR PHOTO INTERPRETATION METHODS FOR ESTIMATING POPULATION OR DWELLING UNITS. The study found that spatial and population characteristics in unplanned residential area are less homogeneous than in the planned residential area. Larger scale air photographs, with a large number of samples based on random selection of residential buildings, will be required in the unplanned residential areas, in order to obtain a fairly accurate population estimate. A stepwise regression analysis further showed that the density of buildings, and the average population per build ing, account for the greatest variation in population distribution. The influence of multi-family buildings has been analyzed by Watkin in 1984. He used airphotos at a scale of 20,000 and 1:6,000 to define the amount of error caused by multiple unit structure types. The result of Watkin*s study supports past findings that multiple unit structures were a primary cause of enumeration error, even with an increase in the scale of the photographs from 1:20,000 to 1:6,000. In the literature, quite a number of articles deal with the problem of counting houses from airphotos. Some relevant studies are shortly discussed below. Krause et al. (1974), measured the area of three dominant residential land use types from enlarged 70 mm. B&W photos at the scale of 1:40,000, supple mented by 9 x 9 in colour infrared photos, scale of 12,000, and 6,000, for four Californian cities, and determined the characteristic ’spatial population density’ associated with each residential land use. An estimated population for any area under inves tigation was calculated from the following function:- P A R1 ,D R1 + A RM‘ D RM + A RTP* D TP Where P = total estimated population ArI’ Arm’ ArTP = area devoted to each land use type and D, characteristic spatial den- Rl’ RM’ RTP sities associated with each land use types. The result showed that the land use map was generally accurate. The percent errors for the four cities ranged from an underestimate of 9.17% to an overestimate of 7.00%. The explanation was that the enlarged airphoto scale 1:40.000 made accurate measurement difficult and the wide variation of lot sizes deviated the characteristic spatial density. Other recent studies can be found by BOAPEH & TIPPLE (1983) and OLORUNFEMI (1984). Results of these studies can be summarized as follows: - The most common method to estimate the number of dwelling units or population was through land use in combination with housing unit count in selected sample area. Others have achieved only marginal success. - The degree of accuracy of the housing unit count depends on scale of photographs, and good inter pretation of residential buildings, while the land use method depends more on good land use interpretation, accurate measurement of area, and sound estimation of appropriate housing/population density. In addition, major limitations are the omission of small parcels due to the minimum area adopted for mapping purposes, and the inability to account for residential land uses above ground, e.g. high- rise buildings. 6 METHODOLOGY APPLIED IN THE BMR HOUSING STOCK SURVEY 6.1 Available materials. Adeniyi (1983) adopted the same technique as Kraus et al. to derive the total estimate of urban popula tion in Nigeria in combination with a stepwise regression analysis to evaluate the variable which account for variation in the characteristic popula tion density. The classification of residential areas was based on some local socio-cultural vari able including dwelling type, building usage, building type, number of storeys, density of build ing and other environmental variables, such as plot size, landscaping, lay out of building and the presence of garden and kiosks. Using these vari ables, the residential areas of Lagos were classified in to nine classes with the following example of class description. Example code 10: One-two storey (flat) building with vegetation, open space, average plot size (APS) 2000 m2, average building density (ABD) 5/ha These detailed classifications were delineated on airphoto scale 1:20,000. To derive population den sity, sample area representing 3.14 percent of the total residential land in 1974 was selected, based on stratified random sampling. Residential blocks were selected at random for each residential class. In each block, data about the number of persons per family and number of families per different type of building was collected. The following material was available for the Study: - B&W AP scale 1:15,000, year 1974, format 23x23 cm. - SFAP enlarged to 1:15,000, year 1984, format 18x18 cm. - Large scale police map of Bangkok for inner area covered the area of 346 sq.km at the scale of 1:1,000 of year 1983 update by ground survey. - Enumeration district map. - Landuse map (ground survey) scale 1:50,000/1982. - Topographic map scale 1:50,000 year 1976. - Map of BMR showing district boundary scale 1:50,000 year 1983. - Instruments: mirror stereoscope, pocket stereoscope, 8x magnifier, dot grid for area measurement 6.2 Primary sources of information In this study, there were two primary sources of information. In the inner city area (346 sqkm), data for the housing count were obtained from police map scale 1:1,000. It was found that newly built houses were not yet mapped, while in the informal settle ments mapping was in general incomplete, so airphotos were used to complement the work on the maps. Outside the large scale map area, data were obtained from air photographs.

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