Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856662364

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: VI, Seiten 959-1074

Year of publication:: 2016

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856662364

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,3)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: Invited papers

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Monitoring environmental resources through NOAA's polar orbiting satellites. Joan C. Hock

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

'elopment and going 1984 •d relief ilitical tension minate these ing to decision grams. ree regions of ther damaged ary and early rop production imbabwe, and impacts were ries all receding year as in March and st half of the ya, Rwanda, and The first six over 40 years n, the Sahel record heat and led growth of Affected 1, Mali, Burkina rought in the sses over an es. For those ction in crop cost on local 250,000,000. rbiting ssments. Early ery indicated rkina, and ore detailed Sahel zone of indices for rthern Burkina, r year. During ared specific ust cumulative in Tigray, Wollo, ishing during or coordinate r vegetation Sahel Africa nts were /s before crop times were 30 s before price food shortages, shortage alerts 3, Niger, and roducts included Department js climate is. 1 THE MARINE ?s Center > for coastal Bay and the 'ine assessments ike Bay ;ify the i the adjacent lysical ) which control isapeake Bay and ice the passive icruitment of jding menhaden, depends on the amount of larvae transported from the shelf into the Bay. AISC oceanographers are combining numerical models of wind induced mass transport, fishery recruitment and remote sensing technologies to derive relationships between the physical environment and living marine resources. The direct measurement of fisheries resources from meteorological satellite data is not presently feasible. However, satellite derived information on sea-surface temperatures, waves, ocean fronts, currents, chlorophyll, and sedimentation, is useful in understanding the spatial and temporal impacts of the physical environment on living and marine resources. AISC's assessments of the Chesapeake Bay also use the National Weather Service's limited fine mesh wind model to derive Ekman surface transport values. The tremendous impact of urbanization and thus sediment loadings on the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays has significantly damaged fishery resources. N0AA meteorological and Landsat imagery increases AISC's capabilities in monitoring the estuarine environment of the Chesapeake Bay. Remotely sensed observations of surface sediment and temperature plumes are providing insights into land use, climate and fishery interactions. During 1985, AISC plans to correlate satellite imagery with the Chesapeake Bay circulation model as well as current and tide data. This could provide ground-truth verification of the satellite assessments. POTENTIAL SATELLITE ASSESSMENTS FOR FISHERIES RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES The Center is also using satellite imagery for fisheries research in the Philippines. It is hoped that through demonstrated satellite techniques in the United States, scientists can provide an operational assessment methodology to address fisheries and habitat concerns in developing countries. The Philippines, like most Southeast Asian nations, is strongly dependent on its fishery resources for food and economic growth. Adoption of a 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in 1978 coupled with continuing government-sponsored fishery management has enhanced the growth of the tuna industry. In 1981, it ranked twelfth in the world in total fishery harvest. From an economic standpoint, approximately 10 percent of the national population of the Philippines is financially dependent on the fishing industry. In the marine area, the multi-species tuna fishery has received the greatest attention because of the economic value of the fishery, especially as an export item to the world market. Tuna is the single most important fishery export for the Philippines. Despite the need for stringent management of tuna, this resource is facing significant constraints. Two significant problems emerge: (1) harvesting of reproductively immature juveniles, and (2) overexploitation of tuna stocks in the areally limited traditional fishing grounds. Juvenile fish have been estimated to comprise as much as 50 percent of the total annual tuna harvest. The highly productive traditional fishing grounds comprise less than 10 percent of the total marine waters encompassed by the EEZ. However, they account for almost 100 percent of the total harvest. The impact of this concentrated fishing pressure on the valuable Philippine tuna resource is twofold: (1) depletion of stocks in the traditional fishing areas, and (2) decreased recruitment to the fishery. Realization of the full potential of the resource requires implementation of a sound tuna fishery management plan which will protect juvenile fish and spawning grounds, and ease fishing pressure by directing the commercial fleet to productive fishing grounds in the offshore waters of the EEZ. This latter aspect would have the added benefit of lessening the competition between commercial and municipal fishermen. AISC's current work in the Philippines is focused on collecting baseline oceanographic data in combination with satellite imagery to develop a tuna fisheries assessment. The lack of recent synoptic ocean data for the Philippines has required scientists to use AVHRR satellite data to develop a data set of "normals" and to determine the frequency of anomalous events in local ocean circulation. This information will be combined with (1) traditional oceanographic data, (2) monthly harvests including yields and size composition, (3) tuna migration routes and periodicity along the eastern rim and archipelagic waters of the Philippines, and (4) the economic growth of the tuna fishing industry. AVHRR data constitutes a very useful tool for a general study of the marine resources in the developing world. Such information is particularly useful for analysing thermal and turbidity fronts. The satellite thermal channels are used in the generation of multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) images. The processed SST image is then color contoured at one degree Centigrade intervals. This easily allows scientists to determine the location of thermal fronts for fisheries assessments. When the full annual range of temperature for this area is determined, scientists will develop a standardized temperature scale for easier cross-scene comparison. Channels 4 and 5 of N0AA 7 polar orbiter GAC data were processed in generating this SST daytime image. Temperatures are in 1 degree centigrade (C) increments, except for temperatures greater than 27 degrees and less than 19 degrees C. The several blue colored linear features south and west of the island of Luzon are clouds which passed through a simplified 1 and/cloud masking technique but were detected by their cold temperatures. It is hoped that the SST images derived from AVHRR/GAC data will allow the identification of thermal fronts. Ecologists have documented the tendency of foraging tuna to congregate along these fronts. Bi-weekly assessments could greatly improve the efficiency of the tuna fleet. Processors could benefit by using the assessments to better plan their work schedules and employment needs. The information should also be useful in the development of flexible and reasonable tuna management strategies. Timely dissemination of this information will assist government officials in setting allowable catch quotas and assessing intra- and inter-annual fluctuations in tuna production and yield. Quantitative relationships that can be established between fisheries distribution and oceanographic variables will not only enhance future studies of fish behavior and their responses to environmental change but ultimately improve national fisheries management practices. This is especially true for fisheries that live in highly dynamic and complex environments. AISC has shown that changes in the physical environment can result in dramatic variation in productivity and the resultant catch. State and national management practices can be strengthened by relating changes in stock size to environmental changes and fishing pressure. The U.S. marine assessments and the Philippine assessments attempt to use AVHRR information for an operational marine product. CONCLUSIONS From the above discussions, one realizes the

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