Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

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Persistent identifier:: 856665355

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts ; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856665355

Language:: English

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856669164

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Scope:: XIV, 912 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856669164

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(28,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [WA-3 DEMOGRAPHIC AND URBAN APPLICATIONS]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: AN ANALYSIS OF SETTL EMENT DEI EOT ABILI! Y IN CENTRAL EUROPE USING SIR-B RADAR IMAGERY. Dr. Floyd M. Henderson

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

207 ■ In the Rhine River plain near Freiburg several fields were at water capacity. On Pass 7, these fields produced a white specular return akin to that of settlements. In the other passes, with larger incidence angles, such returns were absent from the imagery. In mountainous areas distortions of terrain features (i.e. layover and foreshortening) hampered location of the signal return on the maps as well as concealing (i.e. radar shadow) settlements. Settlement detection was minimal in valleys parallel or perpendicular to the look direction. The areal extent of settlements was frequently difficult if not impossible to delineate, producing only a single bright return or a few scattered points of high return. Pass 1 had the largest incidence angle (52.3 degrees), and the lowest number of commission errors (18)...but not the highest accuracy (62.7 percent) due to errors of omission (277). Settlements did not appear as sharp spots of high return but, typically, as mottled, medium to light gray textured areas. This characteristic allowed the areal extent of the settlement to be observed in some cases, particularly as the settlement size increased. Ford et.al. (1986) stated that as incidence angle increases there is increased sensitivity to surface roughness and decreased sensitivity to topography. Although the authors were alluding to small, detailed surface roughness parameters these three 5IR-B data takes may indicate that a similar pattern exists for such man-made surfaces as settlements. Among the detection errors were road intersections, a hydro-electric power dam, and some water/wetland areas. In the latter cases ground checking indicated that the high return was originating from the banks of geometrically shaped reservoirs. In wooded and forested areas of the Black Forest detection of very small (4-6 structures) settlements was not possible; relief and dissected terrain inhibited detection. Settlements abutting the edge of forest stands on the fore- and back slopes were also masked by the forest return and omitted from the count on the image. String settlements (i.e., houses aligned on one or both sides of a road or stream) were not detected. In contrast to Pass 2, settlements in valleys parallel to the look direction were visible, and there was a notable difference in visibility as a function of range. In this case, settlements in the near range were less visible than those located in mid- and far range. It is hypothesized that the latter settlements were more sensitive to surface scatter and presented a rougher surface to the radar signal. However, no quantitative evaluation was attempted to define the precise incidence angle/radar return relationship. Mountainous terrain remained areas of low detectability with the visibility increasing as settlement size increased. Accuracy was high here as there was little chance for confusion (i.e. commission error)--a settlement was visible or it was not. Concomitantly, the per cent of settlements visible was very low. This relationship is discussed in the analysis of forest and mountainous areas later in the paper.

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