Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

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Persistent identifier:: 856665355

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts ; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856665355

Language:: English

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856669164

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Scope:: XIV, 912 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856669164

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(28,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [WA-3 DEMOGRAPHIC AND URBAN APPLICATIONS]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: AN ANALYSIS OF SETTL EMENT DEI EOT ABILI! Y IN CENTRAL EUROPE USING SIR-B RADAR IMAGERY. Dr. Floyd M. Henderson

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Regardless of terrain, at these scales and wavelength, the most important factor in settlement detectability was the high return or cardinal effect caused by corner reflectors. This condition was particularly apparent in environments where settlements were located in meadows separating forest stands. The high return from settlements provided a sharp contrast from the low return of the surrounding grasses and darker, textured areas of the woods. However, in a volcanic mountain area of vineyards (i.e. the Kaiserstuhl) near F reiburg, this high return contrast between settlement and background was not as positive. Here, the stepped terraced vineyard slopes presented a high signal return similar to settlements when the former were oriented perpendicular to the look direction. In such cases the interpreter had to carefully observe the location of the return as well as the areal extent and texture, if any. Settlements were more apt to be situated in valleys and/or at the foot of the mountain as opposed to terraces which were located on the mountain slopes. Pass 3, flown near orthogonal to the first two passes, employed an incidence angle (AO.9 degrees) between that of the other two passes. This pass produced the highest per cent of settlements detected (85.0 per cent) as well as the highest accuracy (76.A per cent) of the three passes (Table II). In mountainous areas and wooded areas the detectability of settlements, compared to other terrain areas of the pass, was noticeably low. Relief, slope angle, and orientation relative to look direction all contributed to poor visibility (e.g., the Black Forest area). However, the settlements located in the Kaiserstuhl were more easily detected and in greater accuracy that on Pass 2. It is suggested that this increase in accuracy was a result of the change in incidence angle and look direction. A similar occurrence was noted in the Rhine valley near Freiburg. Here, settlements were confused with similar bright returns from wetlands and fields perched with water on Pass 2, but were distinctly different in tone and texture on Pass 3. In this case the cause is believed more attributable to incidence angle, suggesting that the point where signal return is dominated by surface roughness rather than by a combination of roughness and signal penetration of the canopy lies between AO.9 degrees and 52.3 degrees. This possibility, however, requires considerably more evidence to validate. It was noted that settlements were easily identified in the plains of northeastern France. Several bright spots around Verdun, later identified as old forts and battlements, were also detected but not labeled as settlements due to their variance in pattern and size. Pass 1 and Pass 2 were virtually parallel in look direction and varied only in incidence angle. In this case the difference in accuracy was attributed to change in incidence angle as the results correlated with those found by other researchers (Wise and Trinder, 1987; Drake and Patton, 1980). Although Pass 3 recorded the highest accuracy of the three passes the poor detection in mountain and forest areas and high visibility of settlements in plains posed a question as to the consistency of settlement detection among the three passes over similar terrain. The question was lent further cause when the change in settlement visibility on the Kaiserstuhl was considered. These observations pointed to look direction as a possible explanation.

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