Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

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Persistent identifier:: 856665355

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts ; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856665355

Language:: English

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856669164

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Scope:: XIV, 912 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856669164

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(28,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [TP-1 GLOBAL MONITORING (1)]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Operational Environmental Satellite Remote Sensing for Food Security and Locust Control by FAO The ARTEMIS and DIANA Systems. by Jelle U. Hielkema

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Remote sensing of soil moisture in desert regions is possible with microwave sensors (Schmugge 1981) and by termal techniques (Wetzel & Atlas 1981; England et al. 1983). However, no satellite-based soil moisture remote sensing system, using microwave techniques, is currently available on an operational or semi-operational basis for an area the size of the desert locust recession area; thermal remote sensing techniques that use Meteosat data are still in the research phase. Remote sensing of meteorological events that cause soil moisture changes relevant for agricultural crop production and locust population development, can be undertaken from geostationary environmental satellites, e.g. Meteosat for Africa and the Near-East The high temporal frequency of this type of data in the visible and thermal infrared wavelengths permits detailed monitoring of weather systems likely to produce the rainfall necessary to support crop development and initiate locust breeding. Various schools have developed and tested remote sensing techniques for estimating rainfall quantitatively from Meteosat data. FAO has been closely involved in these developments as undertaken by the Universities of Bristol (Barrett 1977,1980; Hielkema 1980; Barrett & Harrison 1986) and Reading (Milford & Dugdale 1987). The technique developed by the University of Reading, based exclusively on the use of Meteosat thermal infrared data, which was selected by FAO for implementation on the ARTEMIS system. The technique is based on the observed linear relationship between the vertical extent of a cloud in the atmosphere, as evidenced by the temperature of its top, which can be measured by the satellite at frequent intervals, and the amount of rain which falls from the bottom of the cloud. This technique is particularly suitable for application in tropical and arid environments where generally over 90% of the annual rainfall comes from strong convective activity, i.e. strong vertical development of clouds. Remote sensing of green vegetation biomass is a well developed technique for which several satellites frequently collect data on a worldwide scale. The technique involves measuring reflected spectral radiance that results from the interaction between the green-leaf vegetation cover and incident solar spectral irradiance. These measurements can be made from any altitude above the surface (1 m, 10,000 m, 1,000 km) depending on the remote sensing system in question (ground-based, aircraft or satellite, respectively). Spectral estimation of green-leaf biomass generally involves the use of two wavelength regions, the red (0.6-0.7 pm) and near infrared (0.75-1.1 pm), although the specific wavelengths used often vary slightly between instruments. The 0.6-0.7 pm region correspond to the in vivo red region of chlorophyll absorption and is inversely related to chlorophyll density. In the 0.75-1.1 pm region, reflectance is proportional to green-leaf density. Ratio combinations of these two wavelength regions thus contain information related to the chlorophyll-green-leaf density (Tucker 1979). Use of these two bands for making plant canopy inferences by non-destructive techniques is facilitated by the proximity of the two bands in the electromagnetic spectrum. This proximity enables simple band ratios or other combinations to be used to compensate for differences in solar flux intensities. Linear or ratio combinations of red/near infrared spectral data have been used to quantify a variety of vegetation types (Tucker 1980; Curran 1983).

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