Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

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Persistent identifier:: 856665355

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts ; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856665355

Language:: English

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856669164

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Scope:: XIV, 912 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856669164

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(28,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [TP-2 SPECTRAL SIGNATURES]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: The change of spectral signatures of beech and spruce by forest damage. W. Kirchhof & H. Hoffmann

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

70 Reflectance Figure 1 Reflectance of beech branches with shadow leaves for single and up to seven stacked branches. The numbers indicate the quantity of piled up branches. Figure 2 Reflectance of five stacked branches of 1 = beech with sun leaves, 2 = beech with shadow leaves, 3 = beech with discoloured leaves (yellowing), 4 = spruce. rise of the spectral curve of beech branches with yellowing in respect to green beech branches with shadow leaves. For the visible the influence of needle age on spectral reflectance is shown in figure 4. Even for needles gathered on July 20, 1988, in Ober pfaffenhofen near Munich, the in fluence of young current year's needes on the spectral reflectance of branches is still important. A high amount of sprouts increases reflec tance in the visible and NIR, in the SWIR reflectance decreases. Disregar ding this and simular saisonal effects will produce classification errors. Information for the understanding of spectral trends in reflectance measurements of damaged beech trees can be derived from figures 5 and 6. In figure 5 spectral reflectance of beech branches in the IR decreases with increasing damage level. Spec tral analyses of multispectral scanner data of beech and oak stands Figure 3 Ratio spectra, each spectrum of five stacked branches of 1 = beech with sun leaves, 2 = beech with yellowing and 3 = spruce divided through the corresponding spectrum of beech with shadow leaves . 53 Figure 4 Reflectance spectra of spruce, measured at one branch with 1 = current year's needles, 2 =1 year old needles, 3 = 2-4 year's old needles, 4 = total sample. in the Stadtwald Frankfurt, gathered by the airborne Deadalus scanner from flight altitudes 2000m and 4000m at September 9, 1986, indicated an decrease of reflectance in the infrared with increasing damage. These analyses described by Guttmann et al., 1987, Kirchhof et al., 1988; presented the overall spectral be haviour of surface areas composed of 5m x5m or 10m xlOm image elements. These results let to the working hypothesis - that in case of no significant change of vegetation on the surface layer-primary and secon dary effects of damage of the same species and the same age should result in a decrease of reflectance in the IR. In case of no discoloura tion of leaves the same tendency should apply for the visible region. In figure 6 the variation in spectral reflectance in the visible for branches of the same damage class 2/3 is rather important. We have to keep in mind, that within the frame of these measurements only primary effects of damage are considered,

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