Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

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Persistent identifier:: 856665355

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts ; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856665355

Language:: English

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856669164

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Scope:: XIV, 912 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856669164

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(28,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [FA-2 GLOBAL MONITORING (3)]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: A PROPOSED DESIGN FOR MONITORING CHANGES IN VEGETATION HEALTH AND VIGOR IN ALASKA. Vernon J. LaBau

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

We also need more information about key indicator plant species, observation standards, and symptoms of change in health and vigor of vegetation, as related to forest stressors. The methods needed to integrate this information likely will be provided by the Forest Insect and Disease Research staff of the US Forest Service, the Soil Conservation Service, and other cooperators who provide guides on indicator plants and basic forest stressors. Some ongoing research will help identify stressing agents and their relationships to vegetation and climate. One promising area is forest pest research. For example, black-headed budworm (Acleris gloverana (Wals.)) infestations in Alaska have been linked to temperature changes. Hard (1974) suggested that the budworm has little tolerance for cold. So, budworm populations are lower around Prince William Sound because forests there are slightly cooler. But within the past decade budworm outbreaks have occurred in Prince William Sound as well as in interior Alaska. All subsided before the infestation became of consequence. Apparently the Prince William Sound temperature range includes the budworm's minimum tolerance level. If area temperatures are, in fact, at a budworm survival threshold, and if global warming is occurring, the population might have less trouble surviving in the sound in the future. These are the kinds of forest stressor indicators that may show up in a monitoring system*. Similar research on spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kby) in southcentral Alaska suggests that temperature changes affect bark beetle populations (Hard, In Press). But the risk of bark beetle outbreak also may be affected by whether spruce stands are open canopied (Reynolds and Hard, In Press). and the risk varies by plant community. Therefore, forest foliar cover is another dynamic to monitor in terms of risk from insect attack. If foliar cover of forests is decreased by climatic change, bark beetle attacks may increase. However, other stressors probably will become apparent before foliar cover decreases noticeably. Additionally, that data may be site-specific in certain situations. Investigators also must monitor other forest pest areas, including tree anatomy, fungi, foliage color, and site characteristics. Numerous other possible indicators or variables also may point to vegetation stress. Research and synthesis must be done to begin understanding them. Additional cooperative effort is needed to determine what information and data is necessary for chemical evaluation of soils and foliage. Monitoring for permafrost and soil temperature changes may require special procedures. The USDA's Soil Conservation Service and the University of Alaska will be asked to assist in these two study areas. * Personal conversation with John S. Hard, Research Entomologist, Institute of Northern Forestry, Anchorage, Alaska. Researchers also must determine the observation requirements for key vegetation indicator species. Plants that should be observed may vary, depending on the particular plant community and level of stress. Instruments needed to monitor forest health will vary, depending on research proposals and guidance from cooperators. A fascinating challenge now facing researchers is the identification of attributes through remote sensing. The state of remote sensing art is advancing rapidly with the development of new sensors and new techniques for monitoring vegetation changes. Much attention will be given to these developments in the final study plan. Researchers will seek guidance on these and other issues from cooperators such as the Institute of Northern Forestry, University of Alaska, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Soil Conservation Service, National Forest Systems, and others. At least two Information Needs Assessment workshops (LaBau, 1987) will be held prior to launching this monitoring plan. All possible cooperators will be involved, in order to identify a full spectrum of data elements that need collection. THE GENERAL MONITORING CONCEPT This proposed monitoring design should be considered just one iteration of a much broader, and continually changing, monitoring scheme. The broader scheme involves a wide spectrum of cooperators whose individual monitoring programs will be conducted independently, but in a manner complementary to the others. For instance, this plan is designed to interface with a plan developed by the Anchorage EROS Field Office of the US Geological Survey (USGS) . The USGS research program, "Baseline Studies for Monitoring Global Climatic Change in the Arctic Environment: A Remote Sensing-Spatial Database Approach" (Shasby, 1989) , proposes to monitor eight of the 12 sites shown in Figure 1. In addition, an attempt will be made to include as many of the Research Natural Areas of Alaska in the monitoring framework. The plots, distributed across Alaska, are in areas considered to have special potential for providing early indications of global climate change. The study will emphasize analysis and integration of digital satellite data, and digital earth sciences databases developed in geographic information systems for site- specific studies. Similar plans are being developed by the University of Alaska, Bureau of Land Management and National Park Service. Any other general plans for monitoring changes in vegetation health and vigor in Alaska should be designed to coordinate and cooperate with these efforts. The Anchorage Forestry Sciences Laboratory (AFSL) is planning its vegetation health and vigor monitoring design to work closely with the other programs. 837

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