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Proceedings International Workshop on Mobile Mapping Technology

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fullscreen: Proceedings International Workshop on Mobile Mapping Technology

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856671290

Author:: Li, Rongxing

Title:: Proceedings International Workshop on Mobile Mapping Technology

Sub title:: April 21 - 23, 1999, Bangkok, Thailand

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (Getr. Zählung [ca. 400 Seiten])

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856671290

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [Poster Session (1) on Airborne & Spaceborne Remote Sensing (JARS)]

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: GENERALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR LAYERED NEURAL NETWORKS IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTELY SENSED IMAGES. Eihan SHIMIZU and Morito TSUTSUMI, Le Van TRUNG.

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Proceedings International Workshop on Mobile Mapping Technology
Cover
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Title page
Title page
Proceedings of International Workshop on Mobile Mapping Technology April 21-23, 1999, Maruay Garden Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand
Greeting from Bangkok.
PREFACE.
On behalf of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Working Group [...]
TECHNICAL PROGRAM.
[Session 1: Mobile Mapping (1)]
A ROBUST METHOD FOR REGISTERING 2.5D LASER RANGE IMAGES OF URBAN OBJECTS. Huijing ZHAO, Ryosuke SHIBASAKI.
AN INTELLIGENT MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM. Naser El-Sheimy, Mike Chapman, and C. Tao.
A Mobile Mapping System Based on GPS, GIS and Multi-sensor. Deren Li.
AIRPORT DATA BASIS FOR TAGSY GUIDANCE SYSTEMS. W. Möhlenbrink, R. Bettermann.
INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES: DGPS, DEAD RECKONING AND MAP MATCHING. T. A. Hailes.
[Session 2: Mobile Mapping (2)]
FILTERALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMAL DETERMINATION OF POSITION AND ATTITUDE OF THE MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM KISS. H. Sternberg, W. Caspary and H. Heister.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR MAPPING ROAD WIDTH USING DIGITAL VIDEO AND GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM. Shanmugam Ganeshkumar, Kiyoshi HONDA, Shunji MURAI.
DIRECT PLATFORM ORIENTATION IN AERIAL AND LAND-BASED MAPPING PRACTICE. Dorota A. Grejner-Brzezinska, Charles K. Toth and Edward Oshel.
TOWARDS AUTOMATED PROCESSING OF MOBILE MAPPING IMAGE SEQUENCES. C. Tao, M. A. Chapman, and N. El-Sheimy, B. Chaplin.
[Poster Session (1) on Airborne & Spaceborne Remote Sensing (JARS)]
Generation of Digital Elevation Model derived from JERS1 SAR Interferometry. Mitsuharu TOKUNAGA.
GENERALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR LAYERED NEURAL NETWORKS IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTELY SENSED IMAGES. Eihan SHIMIZU and Morito TSUTSUMI, Le Van TRUNG.
THE CRANES' NESTING ANALYSIS USING GIS - LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS -. Koichi HIRATA, Hiroshi MURAKAMI.
INTERPRETABILITY OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FROM HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES. Toshiaki Hashimoto.
Reassessment of Todaro's Migration Model to Incorporate Socioeconomic and Natural Resource Environment by Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case of Thailand. Bhuwneshwar Prasad SAH, Eihan SHIMIZU and Morito TSUTSUMI.
LAND COVER OF ASIA. Ryutaro Tateishi.
Development of Drain Direction Model based onGTOPO30 and Global Data Sets. Shiro Ochi and Ryosuke Shibasaki.
[Session 3: Kinematic Real-time Positioning]
Positioning Principles and Accuracy of Airborne Laser- Ranging & Multispectral-lmaging Mapping System. Liu Shaochuang, You Hongjian, Xiang Maosheng, Liu Tong, Li Shukai.
Accuracy Assessment and Improvement for Level Survey using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS. Dinesh Manandhar, Kiyoshi Honda, Shunji Murai, Sachio Kubo, Masahiro Yonemura.
Airborne Mapping System with GPS-supported Aerotriangulation. Deren Li, Xiuxiao Yuan.
[Session 4: Sensor Integration and Calibration]
The Calibration of Imaging Sensors Integrated into a Rapid Route Mapping System. C. S. Fraser, A. M. Judd.
CALIBRATING A ZOOM LENS CCD CAMERA FOR A TERRESTRIAL IMAGE BASED SURVEY SYSTEM. Y. D. Huang and D. Chen.
METHOD FOR ACCURATE CAMERA ORIENTATION FOR AUTOMOBILE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEM. V. A. Knyaz, S. Yu. Zheltov.
MULTI-SENSOR MAP MATCHING CONCEPTS FOR POSITIONING OF ROAD AND RAIL VEHICLES. R. Czommer, W. Möhlenbrink.
SENSOR INTEGRATION AND CALIBRATION OF DIGITAL AIRBORNE THREE-LINE CAMERA SYSTEMS. Michael Cramer, Dirk Stallmann and Norbert Haala.
[Session 5A: Applications (1)]
Application of Photogrammetric Image Data for Roadway Construction. Guangping He.
SURVEYING AND MAPPING OF URBAN STREETS BY PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TRAVERSE. A. R. SILVA, J. C. BATISTA, R. A. OLIVEIRA, P. O. CAMARGO and J. F. C. SILVA.
[Session 5B: Real-time Imaging (ARIDA)]
ESTIMATION OF ACCURACY OF AIRBORNE LASER PROFILING. Koukichi Kimura, Teruvoshi Fujiwara, Yukihide Akiyama.
CRACK SITUATION GRASP OF DIGITAL IMAGE METHOD. Tatuhide NAKANE, Hisasi TAKAGI, Masaharu OZAWA.
Mobile Mapping Technologies for Safety Driving Assistance in ITS. Yutaka Shimogaki, Tooru Kitagawa, Yoshiki Yamano, Katunori Takahashi.
[Session 6A: Applications (2)]
Virtual Reality Model Created from Mobile Mapping Data as Interface to GIS. Krzysztof Gajdamowicz.
IMPROVED DEM EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES - COMBINING LIDAR DATA WITH DIRECT DIGITAL GPS/INS ORIENTED IMAGERY. Charles K. Toth and Dorota A. Grejner-Brzezinska.
Focal Plane Image Assembly of Subpixel. Si-Dong Zhong, Tian chan Mei.
[Session 6B: Real-time Imaging (ARIDA)]
A Tracking System for Construction vehicles with DGPS and RTK-GPS. Shun'ichi OHTSU, Tomonori TAKADA, Tatsunori SADA.
A METHOD OF ROAD REPRESENTATION IN 3D MAPPING TECHNOLOGY. Tsukasa Hosomura.
Fundamental Study on Ground-Based Sensor Integration for Spatial Data Acquisition. Mitsunori YOSHIMURA, Tetsuji ANAI, Hirofumi CHIKATSU, Ryosuke SHIBASAKI.
Fundamental Study on Development and Application of the Local Positioning System using Accelerometer and Gyroscope. Toshio KOIZUMI, Yasuyuki SHIRAI, Atsuro TAKEMOTO.
[Poster Session (2) on Imaging Sensing (ARIDA)]
THE METHOD OF Field INVESTIGATIONS USING DIGITAL IMAGE. Toshiaki Taguchi, Kosuke Tsuru, Hirofumi Chikatsu.
PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIAL RETINA CAMERA AND ITS APPLICATION. Yoichi KUNII, Hirofumi CHIKATSU.
MOTION ANALYSIS ON THE CONSTRUCTION PLANT USING SEQUENTIAL IMAGES. Sosuke YOSHIDA, Hirofumi CHIKATSU.
AUTO-TRACKING AND 3D MEASUREMENT FOR MOVING OBJECT USING VIDEO THEODOLITE. Tsutomu KAKIUCHI, Hirofumi CHIKATSU.
Generation of 3D View Map Using by Raster Base Data Processing. Kunihiko Ono, Shunji Murai, Vivarad Phonekeo and Shigetaka Yasue.
REMAPPING OF HISTORICAL MAPS USING MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION. Nobuhiro YAMADA, Hirofumi CHIKATSU.
A Comparative Study on Techniques for Optical Flow Estimation : On the Application to Vehicle Motion Analysis. Takashi FUSE and Eihan SHIMIZU.
Dynamic Analysis of Human Motion using Digital Video Camera mounted on Video Theodolite. Tetsuji ANAI, Hirofumi CHIKATSU.
A New Measurement System of Settlement At Airports Using GPS and Laser Level. Bunji Shigematsu.
[Session 7A: Automatic Object Extraction and Recognition]
INTEGRATION OF FEATURE AND SIGNAL MATCHING FOR OBJECT SURFACE EXTRACTION. Pakom Apaphant, James Bethel.
FEATURE EXTRACTION FROM MOBILE MAPPING IMAGERY SEQUENCES USING GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS. Fei Ma and Ron Li.
A MULTILAYER HOPFIELD NEURAL NETWORK FOR 3-D OBJECT RECOGNITION. Zhuowen Tu and Ron Li.
DATABASE GUIDED VERIFICATION AND UPDATING OF TRANSPORTATION OBJECTS WITH VERTICAL LINE FEATURES FROM MOBILE MAPPING IMAGE SEQUENCES. C. Tao.
Traffic Sign Detection from Image Sequences. W. B. Tong, J. Y. Hervé, P. Cohen.
ROBUSTNESS TEST TO OBJECT POSITIONING IN PROJECTIVE SPACE. Xingwen Wang, Deren Li.
[Session 7B: Mobile Mapping for Spatial Data Acquisition]
AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT OF ROAD WIDTHS IN COLOUR STEREO SEQUENCES ACQUIRED BY A MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM. Krzysztof Gajdamowicz.
Wearable Computing, Wireless Communication & Knowledge Discovery for Mobile Data Acquisition & Analysis. Klaus Brinkkötter-Runde and Ubbo Visser.
Development of a Low-Cost DGPS/DR System for Vehicle Tracking. Xiufeng He, Thor I. Fossen and Yongqi Chen.
OFF Method and Its Practice on Airborne GPS Data Processing for Photogrammetry. Chen Xiaoming, Liu Jiyu, Li Deren.
List of Registered Participants
Cover

Full text

P1-2-7 
an LNN with 4 hidden nodes and others is more than 30. Conse 
quently, an LNN with 4 hidden nodes was chosen. 
A1C 
Number of hidden nodes 
Figure 3 AIC for competing size sets of LNN. 
Once the size of the nodes in the hidden layer in the LNN was 
fixed at 4, competing architecture sets of different forms of acti 
vation function were applied. Let us stress again that the proce 
dure described in this chapter is only an example and there may 
be many alternatives. Moreover it is desirable that the procedure 
is carried out with feedback or simultaneity searching for the 
optimal architecture. However, as it is computationally too costly, 
we did not search all possible subsets of the models. The mini 
mized AIC was 131 for the architecture which adopted the 
parameter a =-0.8, and 138 for the one which used the normal 
sigmoid function (a =-1.0) (Fig. 4). 
After choosing the appropriate architecture, the best parameter set 
of the model could be estimated; this minimizes the modified 
error function for validation data with the penalty parameter y=? 
2.0 x 10 -5 . Figure 5 shows how introduction of the penalty term 
contributes to the generalization of the LNN and that the im 
provement of generalization by Tikhonov’s regularization was 
notable. 
The classification results of the selected appropriate models at 
each step were compared with those of the base model, which has 
seven nodes in the hidden layer trained on the standard back- 
propagation algorithm. Table 1 shows the comparison among the 
results of the competing models. The left column shows the re 
sults of Model (a) in which the number of hidden nodes and 
output nodes are equally 7, and pruning has not been done. The 
AIC 
Value of parameter a 
Figure 4 AIC and the form of activation function. 
middle column shows the results of Model (b) which achieved the 
minimization of AIC by reducing the number of hidden nodes and 
pruning some connection weights. And the right column shows 
the results of Model (c) obtained by applying Tikhnov's regulari 
zation to Model (b). 
Table 1 The comparison among the results. 
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
Number of Input Nodes 
12 
Number of Hidden Nodes 
7 
4 
Parameter 
a 
-1.0 
-0.8 
Y 
0 
2.0 X 10' 5 
AIC 
246 
131 
(225)* 
Accuracy (%) 
85.4 
87.2 
92.7 
* The parentheses shows that 225 is not the value of AIC properly 
but the value of corresponding objective function. 
Accuracy (%) 
Figure 5 The regularization penalty parameter y and the 
accuracy for validation data. 
It is shown that reducing the number of hidden nodes and pruning 
the connection weights are effective for the decrease of the num 
ber of parameters so that the minimization of AIC can be achieved. 
The improvement of generalization by Tikhonov’s regularization 
is also notable. 
7 CONCLUSION 
In this paper, we introduced techniques for the generalization of 
Layered Neural Networks (LNNs) and proposed LNN design in 
the classification of remotely sensed images. 
We discussed the generalization of LNN classifiers, a controversi 
al and often vague term in the neural network literature, and 
introduced some techniques based on information statistics. 
Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) was introduced for LNNs 
taking into consideration the fact that the output of the LNN, 
which has been trained with a sufficient number of training data, 
is considered as an approximated estimate of a Baysian posterior 
probability. Then, we gave a clear description of LNN generaliza

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