the flowers, the squirrel climbing among the tree tops, and all living 
things in the possession of health and vigour, and in the enjoyment 
of a sunny existence. They do not see the constant and daily search 
after food, the failure to obtain which means weakness and death ; 
the constant effort to escape enemies ; the ever-recurring struggle 
against the forces of nature.”—(Darwinism. ft. 14.) 
But elsewhere he says :— 
“ Now that'the war of nature is better known, it has been dwelt 
upon by many' writers as presenting so vast an amount of cruelty and 
pain as to be revolting to our instincts of humanity 
Now there is, I think, good reason to believe that all this is greatly 
exaggerated ; that the supposed “ torments ” and “ miseries ” of 
animals have little real existence, but are the reflection of the 
imagined sensations of cultivated men and women in similar circum 
stances ; and that the amount of actual suffering caused by the 
struggle for existence among animals is altogether insignificant.”— 
(.Darwinism. ft. 36-7). 
Last, but not least, we come to the differences of 
opinion as to whether Natural Selection is, or is not, a 
necessary factor in the transmutation of species and in 
the production of organic evolution. Pure Darwinism 
asserts that Natural Selection is the only method. This 
view is stated with great explicitness by Professor E. 
Ray Lankester:— 
“ I do not hesitate to say that what may be called ‘pure’ Darwinism 
—the doctrine of the origin of species by the Natural Selection in 
the struggle for existence of non-significant congenital variations—is 
everywhere being more completely demonstrated by reasoning and 
observation as the single and sufficient theory of that origin ; to the 
exclusion of Lamarckism, and still more certainly to the exclusion of 
any vestage of the doctrine of design.”—(Nature, vol. xxxviii., 
ft. 364.) 
Mr. Darwin, on the other hand, says:— 
“ There can be little doubt that the tendency to vary in the same 
manner has often been so strong that all the individuals of the same 
species have been similarly modified without the aid of any form of 
selection.”—(Origin of Species, ft. 72.)