5 
Jtogrammetric 
purposes led 
Geodesy and 
; of the natio- 
00, 1 : 1,000 
er large parts 
mmetric me- 
on scales of 
> large scale 
g out a wide 
hich resulted 
above menti- 
ispecially the 
the 1st and 
nethod. 
Cartography 
aerial photo- 
togrammetric 
led out on a 
l points. The 
the scale of 
a mean error 
are used for 
-armed cross 
ography. In- 
of applying 
•ticularly for 
lods used in 
cy CSc. The 
s computers. 
>ased on two 
ve the deter- 
and the ela- 
lined points, 
positives are 
on the map 
scale. The next stage is the classification of the plotted objects and the identification of mar 
ked points. According to the enlagerments the project of the supplementary geodetic work is 
carried out. 
The actual photogrammetrical plotting is effectuated especially during the mapping on 
a scale of 1 : 1,000 mostly by the numerical method. The coordinates and other information 
are registered on the manuscript as well as on the punched tape in the international teleprin 
ting code No. 2. The registered information is used for area calculations and in some other 
cases, the planimetry is represented by an automatical coordinatograph. In addition to the 
planimetric element the relief is plotted by contour lines with contour intervals of 1 m. 
The following spaces which have not been plotted (owing to the fact that some subjects 
of measurement are not represented on the photographs or that marks are damaged or lost 
etc.) are remeasured immediately after the photogrammetric plotting by geodetic methods. By 
the polar method and using Zeiss double-image telemeter BRT-006 we have obtained very 
good results. Specialized groups draw up the map sheets and the written surveying docu 
ments. 
Experiences with the method of photogrammetric survey show that a precondition for 
the successful survey are photographs of high quality with contrast control and photographs 
with a shrinkage difference of about 0,04% and with a small unregular shrinkage for the 
graphical plotting. To ensure results of high accuracy the planimetrical points are marked 
and numerical methods are used in orientation processing. 
For countryside surveying wide-angle cameras, especially those of 23 x 23 cm type arc 
very convenient but for towns the use of normal cameras is recommended. The plotting instru 
ments must be continually checked and squared on to achieve guaranteed plotting accuracj'. 
The precise plotting of towns represents a technological problem of the photogrammetric 
methods. That is why present photogrammetric research aims at solving it. 
III. Special photogrammetric works 
The method of terrestrial photogrammetry can look back on forty years of tradition in 
Czechoslovakia. This method has been applied on a wide scale recently in various technical 
branches for special surveying tasks. 
Terrestrial photogrammetry is most frequently used for the elaboration of contour line 
plans for stone quarries where the output and the projecting of far-reaching coyot-hole blasts 
must be followed. It also applied where supplementary measurements of impassable rock for 
mations must be taken for surveyings on large scales, for contour plans of spoil banks and 
for the surveying of transversal overburden profiles in opencast mines, in raw material or 
coal depots of industrial establishments as well as for the planning of road constructions or 
reconstructions in mountainous territory. 
Terrestrial photogrammetry was also applied in archeology (Slav mortuary at Mikulcice- 
South Moravia), geology (the disastrous landslide at Handlova-Slovakia), in architecture 
(the vault reconstruction of the baroque temple St. Nicolas and the historic buildings of the 
Prague castle), in hydrology (determining the Danube streamline, in measurements of sand 
models of river channels) and in railway constructions (measurements of passage profiles of the 
overbridges, of tunnel faces and transversal profiles in the driving of underground works). 
Short distance photogrammetry was successfully applied in measuring the changes in 
models of the overlying layers of deep mines, in plotting the water level contours near piers 
and other water constructions and in determining the deflection of reinforced beams.