Many manufacturers in different countries now produce cameras having reseaux 
(not always in conjunction with a glass plate focal register) to assist in corr 
ecting for film shrinkage. One camera incorporates an illuminated step-wedge, 
a valuable aid to sensitometric control. The super-wide-angle lenses introduced 
at the 1960 Congress are now quite widely used, often with infra-red film High 
speed inter-lens shutters, operating up to 1/700 or 1/1000 sec. , are also much more 
common. 
Detail improvements in rectifying apparatus, and domestic production of dodging 
printers by Japan, are other developments noted. 
A history of the development of military mapping cameras in the USA has been 
given by Robert C. Livingston. (Photogrammetric Engineering, Jan 1964) It is 
recorded that the KC3 camera, built in 1960, had a European super-wide angle 
(120 ) lens mounted in an American-made body. This camera has a platen reseau, 
the intersections of which are 0.004" openings filled with lucite for light dist 
ribution. It is installed in stabilized mountings for many uses. The most recent 
USAF camera is the KC6A, having a 6" f/5-6 American-made Geocon IV lens of 
high resolution and distortion less than 8 microns, in a shutter working up to 
1/800 sec. ; automatic exposure control is included 
Navigation 
It seems appropriate to refer to aircraft under this heading. Survey aircraft are 
nearly always modifications of standard civil or military types, and suffer in 
various ways, such as poor downward and forward visibility, or lack of suitable 
space for camera ports,etc. It is therefore of interest to note that a prototype 
survey aircraft has been constructed in Poland. A detailed description is not 
yet available, but major characteristics are: 
Type. 
Motors: 
Minimum Speed: 
Cruising Speed: 
Range: 
Ceiling: 
MD - 12F, low wing monoplane 
4 x 330 H.P. 
150 Km/hr (93 m.p.h.) 
280 Km/hr (173 m.p.h.) 
2100 KM (1300 Miles) 
5200 m. (17000 ft.) 
The use of DO 28 in Nepal, and interest in the STOL for low altitudes, also the 
development of a Doppler navigation equipment, is reported by Japan. 
ITC , Delft has developed a survey navigation method by combining some new 
ideas with general D.R. and visual navigation principles. The method is partly 
visual and partly instrumental and is intended to be of particular use over 
unmapped areas, flat or mountainous. A special slide rule has been developed 
to compute turns leading to predetermined flight-line spacings during flight. 
(The initiation of these developments was reported to the 1960 Congress) 
ITC has also introduced a course covering the complete execution of survey mis 
sions , including navigation over large mountainous unmapped areas, 
Canada provided information on Moving Map Display equipment, but it is not clear 
whether this has yet been used for survey photography in the usual sense. 
Improved navigation telescopes are mentioned, covering 100°, allowing the navi 
gator to swing his line of sight from the nadir point to the horizon, and providing 
synchronized remote control of camera tilt and drift setting.