REPORT OF COMMISSION II: PLOTTING, THEORY AND INSTRUMENTS 
7 
Photogrammetric Equipment 
In regard to the use of surveying cameras, 
there is almost a unanimous preference for 
the “wide-angle” camera type with a focal 
distance of 11 cm. and 15 cm. and a film or 
glass-plate negative of 18X18 and 23X23 cm. 
The 21 cm. focal distance lenses seem to have 
completely failed in present-day projects. As 
for plotting apparatus, this consists for the 
most part of instruments of the so-called 
First-Order, due to the fact that the most 
urgent need is for large-scale plans which are 
expected to be used for projects requiring 
high precision and as working plans. Although 
surveying cameras, film and glass-plate sur 
faces, and plotting instruments have under 
gone only minor improvements, these have 
made it possible to increase gradually the 
ratio between plotting scales and photo 
graph; whereas in those instances in which the 
methods have not been greatly developed 
from the theoretical point of view, we find 
that an especially great progress has been 
made in the use of these methods by means of 
auxiliary instruments, such as electronic co- 
ordinatographs, profiloscopes, etc., and the 
utilization of results by means of electronic 
computers. Here again efficiency and lower 
cost are the principal considerations at 
tributed more and more to these powerful 
auxiliary instruments. 
Resume 
Until 1962, all photogrammetric activities 
in Belgium were divided between State or 
ganizations (public or military agencies) on 
one hand, and universities and other educa 
tional institutions, on the other. Recently, 
private companies, and, more specifically, 
their research departments, have begun 
making use of photogrammetry and acquiring 
the necessary equipment for this kind of work. 
This spreading of photogrammetric activities 
among private companies is explained by the 
fact that after 1962 public agencies have been 
assigning regularly the study of the lay-out 
of automobile roads and the engineering 
projects associated with them to the research 
departments of private concerns, whereas in 
the past these activities came under the juris 
diction of state agencies. The result of this is 
that the continuous research aimed at greater 
efficiency and lower costs prompts private 
companies to use rational methods for the 
preparation of basic topographic plans. Inas 
much as we are at the beginning of a new 
development, we are not able to give, at this 
stage, exact information in regard to the 
photogrammetric equipment and the organi 
zational system of these research bureaus; 
consequently, we must confine ourselves to 
stating that their immediate objective is to 
prepare large-scale topographic plans (as a 
rule 1:1,000) which are expected to serve as 
ground work of projects. In view of what has 
been said above, all photogrammetric activi 
ties in Belgium at the present time may be 
divided in three categories from the stand 
point of the users of photogrammetry. 
BRAZIL 
Organization 
industrial—Servicos Aerofotogrametricos 
Cruzeiro de Sul S.A. 
Activities 
Aerial photography, photo-mosaics (un 
controlled and controlled), photogrammetric 
surveys at scales from 1:100,000 up to 1 :500. 
Printing Department—correlated activities; 
inventories of raw materials. 
Personnel 
Management, 15; Supervision, 10; Pro 
fessional, 100; Technicians, 35; Servicing, 40. 
Aerial Triangulation and Plotting 
Instruments 
Zeiss Stereoplanigraph (4); Santoni Stereo- 
cartograph (1); Kelsh Plotter (2); Wild A9 
(2); Wild Aviograph B9 (2); Coordinate 
Recorders (1). (In addition to normal plotting 
and aerial triangulation instruments.) 
Aerial Data Recording 
Zeiss, RMK 51/23, 153 mm., Pleogon, 
23X23, 750-6,000; Wild RC5, 115/210, Avi- 
ogon, 18X18, 1,050-1,575; Wild RC9, 88 
mm., S. Aviogon, 23X23, 3,600-6,200; Fair- 
child, 153 mm., Metrogon, 23X23, 1,530- 
6,000.