AUTOMATIC PHOTOGRAMMETRIC INSTRUMENTS 
In this instrument two vidicon cameras are 
employed as the sensing elements, while a 
color cathode ray tube acts as the viewing 
screen. The digital data recording unit will 
record on command all elements of orienta 
tion and selected X, Y and Z coordinates. 
Orthophotograph production is provided by 
a high intensity cathode ray tube. The 
Omnistereomeasurer BPR will also consist of 
a basic measurement system, an adjusting 
unit, a coordinatograph, an orthophoto 
graphic unit, and digital data recording 
devices. 
Because of the almost complete electronic 
handling and correction of the data, map 
ping, profiling or cross-sectioning may be 
done at any practical scale. One particular 
advantage of this instrument is that succes 
sive stereoscopic models can be viewed at 
remote locations as each model is examined. 
Its flexibility and expected low cost offer a 
real solution to many engineering problems. 
Conclusions 
The automatic photogrammetric instru 
ments summarized in this paper represent 
only a portion of the developments since the 
London Congress. By the range and versatil 
ity of the instruments described, and without 
lengthy reference to the details contained in 
the individual papers referenced, it should be 
apparent that much ingenuity and effort have 
been applied to the use of automation in 
photogrammetry. With few exceptions most 
developments have been expensive and we 
certainly do not see final solutions at any 
thing like a negligible cost. At the same time 
horizons have been extended and operations 
which only seemed theoretically capable of 
automation four years ago, have been re 
duced to practice. 
Several trends are apparent in the auto 
mation of photogrammetric instruments; the 
tendency toward large and complete map 
ping systems, the increasing importance of 
numerical photogrammetry, and the increas 
ing appreciation of human abilities of percep 
tion and logical decision. Bigger and bigger 
systems may well frighten the average photo- 
grammetrist who looks for small improve 
ments in his current operations. These im 
provements are coming, although not at a rate 
to quench our impatience. Digital computer 
technology moves at a pace which appears to 
outstrip its applications, and in the photo- 
grammetric realm more and more operations 
require digital input, utilize digital data 
processing and output mapping data in 
digital form. And finally the supremacy of 
human capabilities of perception and deci 
sion-making is not as yet seriously challenged. 
The future in automatic photogrammetric 
instrumentation will see a flood of small im 
provements generated by the experience with 
large systems, an even greater dependence on 
numerical photogrammetry and the con 
tinued utilization of a human operator in 
those areas where he serves best. 
Presented Papers 
1. “The Limits of Man and Automation in Pho 
togrammetry,” Professor K. Schwidefsky, 
Technische Hochschule, West Germany. 
2. “Drawing Tables Driven by Electronic Servos 
for Analogical Photogrammetric Plotters,” 
Professor C. Trombetti, IGN, Italy. 
3. “New Developments in Orthophotography,” 
Mr. M. Scher, U. S. Geological Survey, U.S.A 
4. “Consideration on the Design of the Gigas- 
Zeiss Orthophotoscope,” Dr. W. Bruchlacher 
and Dr. M. Ahrend, Zeiss-Aerotopograph, 
West Germany. 
5. “A New Technique of Differential Rectifica 
tion,” Dr. O. Weibrecht, Carl Zeiss, German 
Democratic Republic. 
6. “A New Solution of Differential Rectification 
Using the Analytical Plotters,” Dr. O. Wei 
brecht, Carl Zeiss, German Democratic Repub 
lic. 
7. “Constructional Features of the B8 Stereo 
mat,” Dr. W. Loescher, Wild, Switzerland. 
8. “Automation Characteristics of the Stereomat 
B8,” Mr. R. De Graaf, Huntec, Canada. 
9. “Operational Results Using the AP-C Instru 
ment,” Mr. U. Helava, National Research 
Council, Canada. 
10. “General Mapping and Surveying Applica 
tions of the AP-C Computer,” Mr. V. Kamm 
and Mr. A. Whiteside, Bendix Research, 
U.S.A. 
11. “Image Correlation System for Analytical 
Stereoplotters,” Dr. E. Johnson and Mr. 
A. Di Pentima, Bendix Research and RADC, 
U.S.A. 
12. “Automatic Plotting Equipment,” Mr. M. 
Birnbaum, General Precision, U.S.A. 
13. “The Universal Automatic Map Compilation 
Equipment,” Dr. S. Bertram, Bunker-Ramo, 
U.S.A. 
14. “Automatic Mapping Using Digital Tech 
niques,” Mr. J. Sharp, IBM, U.S.A. 
15. “Automatic Image Registration,” Mr. G. 
Hobrough and Mr. G. Wood, Itek, U.S.A. 
16. “An Electronic-Photogrammetric Measuring 
and Mapping Instrument,” Mr. W. Pryor and 
Mr. J. Watson, Bureau of Public Roads and 
Watson Electronics, U.S.A.