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Although some manual operation work will always be required, a prodigious amount of 
hand work at many stages of the mapping and cartographic processes appears to be 
replaceable, in time, by digital techniques. The economic feasibility of digital tech 
niques needs to be proven by system planning and development groups in map and 
chart-producing organizations under operating conditions. 
These are some of the results of equipment experimentation and computer-program 
development at IBM to expand the use of digital photogrammetric techniques. With 
additional development, technically feasible mapping and charting systems can make 
increased use of digital techniques on photogrammetric instrumentation. 
Before concluding, I would like to mention that many conventional business data 
processing applications are usable by mapping organizations, such as accounting, 
production control, storage, and data transmission. These use well-known digital 
techniques with presently available equipment. The equipment discussed in this 
paper was specially built for experimental purposes under special contracts. 
SYSTEM/360 
To unify many types of systems, IBM has recently announced its System/360 (Fig. 14), 
a series of compatible data processing systems designed to reduce problem-solving 
time and cost, particularly when fast operating times and large core storage are 
needed. A wide range of System sizes and input/output devices allow a user to select 
the one best suited to his volume and cost needs. With this System, a mapping or 
charting production organization will be able to perform many of its charting and 
mapping operations, both administrative and technical, by digital techniques. 
I hope that the discussion in this paper will help to alert people in forward-looking 
mapping and charting organizations, and their related instrument manufacturers, 
toward developing instrumentation systems, which use these newer digital techniques. 
I want to thank Mr. Nowicki, President of Commission I for the privilege of pre 
senting this paper. The information described herein includes contributions from 
many individuals and organizations associated with IBM.