31 
reduction 
necessary 
m. 
tie points 
id control 
;hts of the 
id for the 
vith pairs 
be a very 
that one 
for trans- 
V 
[vv] 
n 
:h for the 
numbered 
late photo 
0% larger 
by several 
itor paral- 
s are used 
unit. This 
lual points 
le average 
ER OF POINTS 
points 
(120) 
(99) 
(105) 
(95) 
(104) 
(170) 
(171) 
(157) 
measured 
e possible, 
and only one pointing was made for each point. Also, the repeatability of the measu 
rements was less good. 
b) Discrepancies in tie points between strips 
After approximate positioning and leveling of the strips, the coordinates of the 
tie points in each overlap between strips were compared. This served as a check on 
identification errors. It also provides information on the differences in systematic 
deformation of the strip triangulations. 
For each of the three sets of measurements the coordinate differences in the tie 
points are shown in a graph. It should be noted that the differences for the two overlaps 
that a strip has with its two neighbours do not in each case refer to the same trans 
formation of the strip. 
In addition, Table III gives the maximum differences for each two adjacent 
strips, if no differences occur in the first and the last tie point. Table Ilia gives the 
averages of these maximum differences for flights flown in opposite directions. 
TABLE III 
MAXIMUM DIFFERENCES BETWEEN UNADJUSTED STRIPS AFTER THE FIRST TRANSFORMATION AND 
LEVELING IF NO DIFFERENCES ARE LEFT IN THE FIRST AND THE LAST TIE POINT 
Strips 
Zeiss Jena 1818 
X istri 
ТАЗ 
Wild 
A7 
AX 
AY 
AX 
AY 
AX 
Д7 
2—i (1) 
— 26 m 
+ 34 m 
— 63 m 
+ 58 m 
■— 98 m 
+ 36 m 
3—2 (2) 
+ 38 
— 22 
+ 88 
— 30 
+ 90 
+ 8 
4-3 (3) 
— 10 
+ 16 
+ 18 
+ 14 
+ 18 
+ 12 
5-4(1) 
— 4 
+ 22 
— 80 
+ 26 
—106 
+ 14 
6—5 (2) 
+ 36 
— 26 
+ 48 
— 54 
+ 124 
— 54 
7-6 (1) 
— 48 
+ 34 
— 36 
-f 34 
— 74 
+ 54 
8—7 (2) 
+ 74 
— 26 
+ 30 
— 24 
+ 72 
— 46 
(1) flight east-west minus 
flight west-east 
(2) flight west-east minus 
flight east-west 
(3) both flights west-east 
TABLE III« — AVERAGES OF MAXIMUM DIFFERENCES 
IN TABLE III 
Flight direction 
Zeiss 
Jena 1818 
Nistri TA3 
Wild 
A7 
ДХ 
AY 
AX 
AY 
ДХ 
Д7 
e-w minus w-e 
— 26 m 
+ 30 m 
— 60 m 
+ 39 m 
— 93 m 
+ 35 m 
w-e minus e-w 
+ 49 
— 25 
+ 55 
— 36 
+ 95 
— 31 
It is evident that a strong correlation exists between the X- and Y-errors, that 
is, the scale and azimuth errors, and the flight direction of the strips. 
For the three sets of strip triangulations, the systematic azimuth errors are much 
the same. The systematic scale errors have the same sign, but are of considerably 
different sizes. The differences may originate in the different choices in the locations 
and number of the points used for relative orientation. In the presence of systematic 
radial distortion, the different choices will cause different systematic errors in conver 
gence, and therefore in scale, more than in azimuth.