- 31 
v system is aimed to im- 
Boeing RC-135 airpla- 
rol, improved accuracy 
'an system by a more 
le direct airborne deter- 
ground surveying. 
a. 
th Air Base Group, Air Photographic and Charting Service (MATS), U. S. Air Force, Orlando 
AF Base, Florida, 1962. An analysis was made to investigate the potential of stabilized aerial 
photography vertical within up to 30 of aerial photography for which « (roll), and 9 (pitch) is 
recorded with an accuracy up to 30 " ; and of aerial photography stabilized to 1 with deviations 
in to and 9 recorded to within 30" as opposed to photography stabilized within 3' with no recor 
ded deviations. It was found that aerial triangulation with (gyro) stabilized aerial photography 
vertical within 30" = l c , or with co and 9 -values recorded with such an accuracy, yields an ef 
ficiency increase of up to 30 to 40 percent. 
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMANDATIONS 
Group of Study for Ex- 
hotogrammetry, consis- 
oscope data. This block 
le block vary, between 
lounts to 800 m above 
as taken with the Wild 
t 140 x 140 mm) and sta- 
lgitudinal strips of 15 % 
>f 28 models and of 25 
'ding to the aeroleveling 
' by A.J. Brandenber - 
h, 1951 [2]. To check 
ere given. The block 
i group of given points 
ual, errors were obtai- 
'poses these standard 
ig a standard wide angle 
3 m, = + 4.6 m, 
mapping in the scale 
ra is used. The perfor- 
(instrumental work plus 
s test were carried out 
so, a super long strip 
vertical Metrogon pho- 
strip 650 km ; 80 mo - 
ph A7 ; see " Aerial 
mmetria ", 1960) was 
ulated according to the 
;roups of given ground 
m, and IV. order poly- 
?nt was tested with 120 
, =V M x + M y = 15.9m. 
and control for mapping 
ian hour instrumental 
The vertical adjust - 
inticipated to report on 
independent base lines 
fe horizontal closure 
aphic coordinates was 
ndenberger, Dr. G. Mu- 
Soliman and Mr. S.Weis- 
Air Force develop - 
n " (USQ 28) for world 
1 Mapping Using Verti- 
2 to Headquarters 1360 
The purpose of aerial triangulation is to provide by photogrammetric means ground 
control for surveying and mapping in a much faster and less expensive way than could be done 
by ground surveying methods. For the adjustment of aerial triangulations without auxiliary da 
ta still a certain minimum of ground control is required. Also it has to be noted that in strip 
triangulation without auxiliary data (aeropolygon method) usually an excessive error accumula 
tion occurs which can complicate the strip adjustment due to correlation between vertical and 
horizontal errors. The purpose of aerial triangulation with auxiliary data is to further reduce 
the required amount of ground control for the adjustment of aerial triangulation and also to es 
sentially reduce the error accumulation in strip triangulation (aeroleveling method) and thus 
producing much smaller closure errors when compared with the Aeropolygon method. The use 
of auxiliary data provide airborne determined elements of exterior orientation which can repla 
ce more or less a certain amount of ground control required for the adjustment of aerial trian - 
gulations. 
From the previous survey of the status of aerial triangulation with auxiliary data in va 
rious countries the following conclusions can be drawn on progress made since 1960 in various 
methods of aerial triangulation with auxiliary data : 
A. Electronically Determined Exposure Station Positions 
In " Aerial Triangulation with Auxiliary Data ", General Report on Subject 4 (Aerial 
Triangulation with Auxiliary Data), Commission III, ISP, prepared by the author for the 1960 
International Congress of Photogrammetry [l] standard errors of about 5 to 10 m are indicated 
for exposure station positions determined by Shoran or Hiran distance measurements. Accor - 
ding to the performance specifications of the new electronic distance measuring system Shiran 
(with Boeing RC-135 jet survey airplanes, ceiling at least 15 km above sea level, true airspeed 
appr. 600 mi./hour) presently under development in the USAF these standard errors are to be 
reduced to a value \J m^ + ~ t 2 m for distances up to 450 miles = 720 km from known 
ground stations (the use of up to four known ground stations is considered). This means that the 
new system would permit to determine exposure station coordinates X and Y with an accuracy 
at least twice as high as has been obtained up to now by means of the Shoran or Hiran systems. 
As a consequence of this accuracy increase it would follow that aerial triangulation with Shiran 
controlled photography would yield an essentially higher accuracy when compared with Shoran 
or Hiran controlled photography permitting for equal accuracy requirements wider spacing of 
required ground control and consequently a saving of such ground control. Furthermore, it is 
conceivable that for high-altitude wide angle or super wide angle photography with 60 percent 
overlap the accuracy of the air base components bx and by determined from Shiran fixed expo - 
sure stations might exceed the accuracy obtained for bx and by from conventional strip triangu 
lation without using auxiliary data (Aeropolygon method). If this becomes true, then strip trian 
gulation with Shiran controlled photography would become a highly potential strip triangulation 
method particularly also with regard to its favorable i. e. its slow error propagation law. It is 
felt that this new development is quite promising and deserves further attention. 
B. Aerial Triangulation with Statoscope and Altimeters 
bz = 0 Method 
These methods were thoroughly analyzed in the 1960 report [1]. During the last four