(1) It can accommodate various focal lengths and it can handle various 
tilts. 
(2) The plotting table surface can be used horizontally or tilted; plot 
ting scales can be varied. 
BUNKER-RAMO CORPORATION. 
The Bunker-Ramo Corporation, Canoga Park, California, USA, has directed 
one of the earliest programs pertaining to automatic photogrammetric compilation 
instruments. Initial research was started in 1960 and culminated in the delivery 
of a final product in September 1966. This product, the Universal Automatic Map 
Compilation Equipment (UNAMACE), was designed to produce automatically ortho- 
photographs and contour plots and to utilize a digital computer to control and direct 
the scans to homologous points on stereo pairs of diapositives. 
The UNAMACE consists of four identical scanning tables, a digital computer 
with input-output capabilities and a control console. When operated as a precision 
comparator, it utilizes the computer to process basic data in order to generate the 
necessary orientation elements and camera positions required for accurate com 
pilation. Orthophotographs may be compiled automatically. Simultaneously, line 
drop contours may be formed; and terrain elevations can be recorded on magnetic 
tape, as well. Time-consuming manual intervention requirements are kept to a 
minimum through use of pertinent computer programs. 
As a complement to the UNAMACE, which was designed for use in a highly 
controlled physical environment, the Bunker-Ramo Corporation also developed a 
simpler version called the Automatic Photomapper Equipment (APE). The APE is 
a ruggedized, van mounted, highly mobile, mapping instrument capable of pro 
ducing orthophotographs and altitude line drop plots. It operates on a digital 
computer closed-loop principle that utilizes electronic scanning and correlation 
techniques for data detection and feedback. Data, thus scanned, are analyzed by 
the electronic circuitry to determine the height error after which the data are sent 
to the computer for further analysis and to control the altitude printout (made up 
of grey, white, and black shadings). In the meantime, the video signal obtained 
from one of the stereo pair of photographs is used to produce an orthophotograph. 
The APE is capable of handling various types of photographs. It differs 
primarily from the UNAMACE in that it uses a single table with auxiliary minia 
ture tables as opposed to the use of four tables by the UNAMACE. 
In the compiling process, the APE utilizes camera data consisting of 
camera location, orientation, lens distortion characteristics and focal length, 
and utilizes operational data, as well, consisting of the scale of the output, 
contour interval, areas to be compiled, spacing between measurements, and the 
location of symbols to be recorded on the output format. Likewise,' altitudes, 
measured for the sequence of profile increments, are transferred to magnetic 
tape at the end of each profile run. 
The instrument is designed to satisfy relatively high accuracies and