b. Die erste Operation ist die Abbildung eines Gegen
standes mittels Zentralprojektion und gehört zum Auf
gabenbereich der Kommission I. Ein bisher nicht befriedi
gend gelöstes Problem ist die partielle oder vollständige
Kalibrierung von Kammern für die verschiedenen Zwecke
(insbesondere auch für Nah-, Mikro-, Röntgenaufnahmen
etc.) unter Arbeitsbedingungen.
Die Feststellung der geometrischen Qualität der Bild
koordinaten ist ein gemeinsames Problem aller Mess
bilder, da die gesamte Photogrammetrie auf diesen Koor
dinaten beruht. Gemäss Resolution 1:4 des X. IGP-
Kongresses sollen Toleranzen aufgestellt werden.
c. Die zweite grundlegende Operation der Photogram
metrie ist die Rekonstruktion des idealen Aufnahme-
Strahlenbündels; sie gehört zum Aufgabenbereich der
Kommission II und III. Die Qualität der Operation bei
verschiedenen Geräten und Methoden soll untersucht
werden. Auch hierfür müssen Toleranzen aufgestellt wer
den.
Statistische Tests über die Verteilung von Restfehlern
werden allgemein durchgeführt, da sie von grundsätzlicher
Bedeutung für Toleranz-Kriterien verschiedener Art sind.”
In English these recommendations can be expressed as
follows.
“This working group, the activity of which is of im
portance also for the Commissions I, III, IV, and VI, shall
henceforth belong to Commission II. It shall treat the
basic principles upon which photogrammetry is founded.
a. The basic concepts and the terminology for the quality
problems of photogrammetry must be clarified. For this
continuation of the work performed up to now, the
cooperation with all members of the ISP is necessary and
desired.
Further the fundamental operations of photogrammetry
shall be investigated with respect to quality.
b. The first operation is the imaging of an object in
central projection and belongs to the scope of Commission
I. A problem which so far has not been satisfactorily
solved is the partial and complete calibration of cameras
for different purposes (in particular also for close up-,
micro-, X-ray-photography, etc.) under operational condi
tions.
The determination of the geometrical quality of image
coordinates is a common problem of all survey photo
graphs, because all photogrammetry is founded upon these
coordinates. According to Resolution I: 4 of the X. ISP-
Congress tolerances shall be established.
c. The second fundamental operation of photogram
metry is the reconstruction of the ideal bundles of rays at
the moment of exposure;
it belongs to the scope of the Commissions II and III.
The quality of the operation of different instruments and
methods shall be investigated. Also here tolerances must
be established.
Statistical tests of the distribution of residuals are
generally performed, because they are of basic importance
for tolerance criterions of various kinds.”
The activity of the working group has primarily been
arranged in accordance with the resolutions and recom
mendations quoted. In addition some calibrations and
tests of instruments and devices for the measurement of
image coordinates and parallaxes (primarily comparators
and parallax bars) have been performed and the results
will be briefly reported.
Finally, some principles of a new device for testing the
geometrical quality of stereoscopic setting will be presented.
This device may be used for investigations of the stereo
scopic acuity of operators, and for detailed investigations
of the relation between the quality mentioned and the
circumstances under which this quality is measured.
2. BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY FOR QUALITY
PROBLEMS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
First, reference is made to the resolution No. 2 of Com
mission VI at the Lisbon Congress in 1964 quoted above,
page 7. At the meeting in Bad Godesberg in 1966 it was
decided that the president of Commission VI should con
tact the International Association of Geodesy (I.A.G.)
and the Fédération Internationale des Géomètres (F.I.G.)
in order to establish cooperation between these organiza
tions and the I.S.P.
The Intercommissional working group of I.S.P. was
asked to work out a brief summary of the principles of the
basic concepts and terminology for geometrical quality
as given in the report “Glossary of some terms and ex
pressions used in the theory of errors of photogrammetry”
which was presented at the Lisbon Congress in 1964, Ref.
2: 1. This summary should also include a concentrated list
of terms and expressions for geometrical quality to be
distributed to all national societies of photogrammetry, all
reporters of Commission VI, I.S.P. and individuals.
Such a summary was presented under the title: “Proposal
for standardization of some terms and expressions for
geometrical quality in photogrammetry”, and was distrib
uted in May 1966 in accordance with the recommenda
tions from Bad Godesberg. Answers were requested before
Oct. 1, 1966. If no answer was received, this was regarded
as agreement with the proposal.
Next a brief summary of the most important terms for
geometrical quality in photogrammetry will be made.