5 
INVESTMENT 
1.000.000 
US $ 
100.000 
10.000 
1000 
100 
COST OF 
SURVEY 
NAVIGATION 
PERFORMANCE 
Ground-based 
* radio nav. methods 
■ —i inertial 
* i 
Doppler 
? «j, , ,i Education & training 
s / / survey flight 
' '| Standard survey 
instrumentation 
I 
I 
—I— 
100 
PERFORMANCE 
lateral overlap % 
4— 
1 
III. 2. Camera station elements determined in flight as auxiliary 
data for aerial triangulation. 
III. 2.1 Determination of planimetric coordinates. 
The methods used for this purpose are all based on the measurement of electromagnetic 
energy propagation. The most important ones are Shoran, Hiran, Shiran, Decca Navigator 
and Aerodist. 
Performance of elements. 
As the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic energy is used as the primary element, 
its value under the circumstances of application should be known with high accuracy. The